A Fully Integrated RF-Powered Energy-Replenishing Current-Controlled Stimulator
Abstract
This paper presents a fully-integrated current-controlled stimulator that is powered directly from on-chip coil antenna and achieves adiabatic energy-replenishing operation without any bulky external components. Adiabatic supply voltages, which can reach a differential range of up to 7.2 V, are directly generated from an on-chip 190-MHz resonant LC tank via a self-cascading/folding rectifier network, bypassing the losses that would otherwise be introduced by the 0.8 V system supply-generating rectifier and regulator. The stimulator occupies 0.22 mm2in a 180 nm silicon-on-insulator process and produces differential currents up to 145 μA. Using a charge replenishing scheme, the stimulator redirects the charges accumulated across the electrodes to the system power supplies for 63.1% of stimulation energy recycling. To benchmark the efficiency of stimulation, a figure of merit termed the stimulator efficiency factor (SEF) is introduced. The adiabatic power rails and energy replenishment scheme enabled our stimulator to achieve an SEF of 6.0.
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Adiabatic constant-current stimulation has been developed to achieve superior power efficiency by recycling the unused energy.
“Adiabatic constant-current stimulation has been developed to achieve superior power efficiency by recycling the unused energy [130].”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [130]
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References 55 · Cited by 35
- Authors
- Ha, S., Kim, C., Park, J., Cauwenberghs, G., & Mercier, P. P.
- Affiliations
- New York University Abu Dhabi (AE)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 191-202
- ISSN
- 1932-4545 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-9990
- OpenAlex
- W2903202242
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California
- UC San Diego Center
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
- Keywords
- energy recycling, silicon-on-insulator
- MeSH terms
- Computer Simulation, Electric Stimulation, Electricity, Electrodes, Electric Power Supplies, Radio Waves
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