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A 296 nJ Energy-per-Measurement Relaxation Oscillator-Based Analog Front-End for Chemiresistive Sensors
Abstract
An energy-efficient, wide dynamic-range (DR) CMOS analog front-end (AFE) for chemiresistive sensors is presented. The circuit is specifically designed for the Metal Oxide (MOX) gas sensors, a special technology of chemiresistive sensors, broadly diffused in modern portable devices due to their low-cost and simplicity of use. Energy efficiency is mandatory for the AFE in order to prolong the battery life that supply these devices. The proposed circuit implements the resistance-to-time (R-to-T) conversion of the sensor's resistance by adopting a relaxation oscillator-based architecture. A limiting resistor in series with the sensor is introduced for reducing the circuit's energy-per-measurement (EpM), while mitigating the error due to the sensor's parasitic capacitance. The analysis of the circuit is presented with emphasis on the design trade-off between error due to the sensor's parasitic capacitance and power consumption on one side and read-out sensitivity on the other. The chip prototype is realized in AMS 0.35μm process and has been tested in the DR between 100Ω and 4.7MΩ with an accuracy less than 0.1% and a precision less than 0.029%. The efficacy of the presented AFE is proved by adopting the circuit in a real chemical environment with a commercial sensor. The proposed AFE shows a maximum EpM of 296nJ which is three times better than the state of the art.
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References 18 · Cited by 26
Research works printed but not linked: 19
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Metadata
- Authors
- Radogna, A. V., Capone, S., Francioso, L., Siciliano, P. A., & D'Amico, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Salento (IT)
- National Research Council (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1123-1133
- ISSN
- 1549-8328 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0806
- OpenAlex
- W3120821999
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers (publishedVersion)
- AIRUS (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
- Keywords
- analog front-end, chemiresistive sensors, metal oxide gas sensors, relaxation oscillator, parasitic capacitance, wide dynamic range, low-power readout, CMOS circuit design
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