The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dense Semantic Labeling of Subdecimeter Resolution Images With Convolutional Neural Networks
Open accessAbstract
Semantic labeling (or pixel-level land-cover classification) in ultrahigh-resolution imagery (<;10 cm) requires statistical models able to learn high-level concepts from spatial data, with large appearance variations. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve this goal by learning discriminatively a hierarchy of representations of increasing abstraction. In this paper, we present a CNN-based system relying on a downsample-then-upsample architecture. Specifically, it first learns a rough spatial map of high-level representations by means of convolutions and then learns to upsample them back to the original resolution by deconvolutions. By doing so, the CNN learns to densely label every pixel at the original resolution of the image. This results in many advantages, including: 1) the state-of-the-art numerical accuracy; 2) the improved geometric accuracy of predictions; and 3) high efficiency at inference time. We test the proposed system on the Vaihingen and Potsdam subdecimeter resolution data sets, involving the semantic labeling of aerial images of 9- and 5-cm resolution, respectively. These data sets are composed by many large and fully annotated tiles, allowing an unbiased evaluation of models making use of spatial information. We do so by comparing two standard CNN architectures with the proposed one: standard patch classification, prediction of local label patches by employing only convolutions, and full patch labeling by employing deconvolutions. All the systems compare favorably or outperform a state-of-the-art baseline relying on superpixels and powerful appearance descriptors. The proposed full patch labeling CNN outperforms these models by a large margin, also showing a very appealing inference time.
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Cited by
Deep Learning in Remote Sensing: A Comprehensive Review and List of Resources
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Self-citationLand-cover classification with high-resolution remote sensing images using transferable deep models
Tong, X.-Y., Xia, G.-S., Lu, Q., Shen, H., Li, S., You, S., & Zhang, L. (2020) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2019.111322 · Cited by 978
Unsupervised Deep Change Vector Analysis for Multiple-Change Detection in VHR Images
Saha, S., Bovolo, F., & Bruzzone, L. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2018.2886643 · Cited by 523
Joint deep learning for land cover and land use classification
Zhang, C., Sargent, I., Pan, X., Li, H., Gardiner, A., Hare, J., & Atkinson, P. M. (2019) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.11.014 · Cited by 451
Self-attention for raw optical Satellite Time Series Classification
Rußwurm, M., & Körner, M. (2020) · ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.06.006 · Cited by 355
Metadata
- Authors
- Volpi, M., & Tuia, D.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 881-893
- ISSN
- 0196-2892 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0644
- OpenAlex
- W2494341560
- Cited by
- 436
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 61.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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