The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reliability and Cost based Redundancy Design for Modular Multilevel Converter
Open accessAbstract
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is very attractive in a high-voltage dc (HVdc) transmission system due to its high modularity and scalability. It is also a promising candidate for medium-voltage applications. An MMC has many power devices that lead to a relatively low reliability based only on a direct failure rate calculation. The reliability of an MMC can be improved by redundant designs. Lots of redundant designs and strategies have been proposed in recent years, while their reliability improvements are hardly quantified in existing literature. In practice, reliability improvement with constraint costs is a challenge. In view of these, this paper proposes a reliability and cost assessment scheme for MMC redundant designs and strategies. Reliability and cost are quantified for comparison purposes. A medium-voltage application is used to demonstrate the reliability and cost assessment scheme. The reliability analysis is based on a combinatorial model and the Poisson process model. The cost analysis focuses on capital cost and power loss cost. The proposed reliability and cost analysis scheme provides a guideline for MMC redundant design and redundant strategy selection.
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“There is a trade-off between submodule redundancy and cost, which should be evaluated for each project to define redundancy design and operation strategy [139].”
From Modular Multilevel Converters: Recent Achievements and Challenges (2021) · cites this paper as [139]
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Cites
An innovative modular multilevel converter topology suitable for a wide power range
Lesnicar, A., & Marquardt, R. (2004) · doi:10.1109/ptc.2003.1304403 · Cited by 2,907
Reliability of Capacitors for DC-Link Applications in Power Electronic Converters—An Overview
Wang, H., & Blaabjerg, F. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2014.2308357 · Cited by 1,390
Circuit Topologies, Modeling, Control Schemes, and Applications of Modular Multilevel Converters
Perez, M. A., Bernet, S., Rodriguez, J., Kouro, S., & Lizana, R. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2014.2310127 · Cited by 1,346 · cited 2×
“It was proposed for high-voltage dc (HVdc) transmission station applications by Marquardt [1] and first used commercially in the Trans Bay Cable project in San Francisco [3].”
BackgroundMethodToward Reliable Power Electronics: Challenges, Design Tools, and Opportunities
Wang, H., Liserre, M., & Blaabjerg, F. (2013) · IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine · doi:10.1109/mie.2013.2252958 · Cited by 919
Survey on Reliability of Power Electronic Systems
Song, Y., & Wang, B. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2012.2192503 · Cited by 867
New transformerless, scalable Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC-transmission
Allebrod, S., Hamerski, R., & Marquardt, R. (2008) · PESC record · doi:10.1109/pesc.2008.4591920 · Cited by 785
Transitioning to Physics-of-Failure as a Reliability Driver in Power Electronics
Wang, H., Liserre, M., Blaabjerg, F., de Place Rimmen, P., Jacobsen, J. B., Kvisgaard, T., & Landkildehus, J. (2014) · IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/jestpe.2013.2290282 · Cited by 693
A Medium-Voltage Motor Drive With a Modular Multilevel PWM Inverter
Hagiwara, M., Nishimura, K., & Akagi, H. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2010.2042303 · Cited by 670
Optimal Reliability Modeling: Principles and Applications
Kuo, W., & Zuo, M. J. (2002) · Thammasat University Digital Collections · Cited by 667
Optimal Reliability Modeling: Principles and Applications
Griffith, W. S. (2004) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2004.s742 · Cited by 496
Cited by
Sorted by citations
HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook
Alassi, A., Bañales, S., Ellabban, O., Adam, G. P., & MacIver, C. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.062 · Cited by 478
Modular Multilevel Converters: Recent Achievements and Challenges
Perez, M. A., Ceballos, S., Konstantinou, G., Pou, J., & Aguilera, R. P. (2021) · IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society · doi:10.1109/ojies.2021.3060791 · Cited by 327
“submodule redundancy and cost, which should be evaluated for each project to define redundancy design and operation strategy [139].”
BackgroundA Guideline for Reliability Prediction in Power Electronic Converters
Peyghami, S., Wang, Z., & Blaabjerg, F. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2020.2981933 · Cited by 193
A Fault-Tolerant Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
Mhiesan, H. G., Wei, Y., Siwakoti, Y. P., & Mantooth, H. A. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2020.2996097 · Cited by 130
Chang, F., Ilina, O., Lienkamp, M., & Voss, L. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2018.2854756 · Cited by 111
Metadata
- Authors
- Tu, P., Yang, S., & Wang, P.
- Affiliations
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
- Published
- 2018
- Pages
- 1-1
- ISSN
- 0278-0046 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9948
- OpenAlex
- W2784130885
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 9.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (publishedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation Singapore
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Reliability and Maintenance Optimization
- Keywords
- modular multilevel converter, redundancy design, reliability analysis, cost analysis, Poisson process model, capital costs, power loss cost, medium voltage applications, HVDC transmission
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