Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 791

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

On the origin of the bilateral filter and ways to improve it

Elad, M.·2002·IEEE Transactions on Image Processing

Abstract

Additive noise removal from a given signal is an important problem in signal processing. Among the most appealing aspects of this field are the ability to refer it to a well-established theory, and the fact that the proposed algorithms in this field are efficient and practical. Adaptive methods based on anisotropic diffusion (AD), weighted least squares (WLS), and robust estimation (RE) were proposed as iterative locally adaptive machines for noise removal. Tomasi and Manduchi (see Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Computer Vision, New Delhi, India, p.839-46, 1998) proposed an alternative noniterative bilateral filter for removing noise from images. This filter was shown to give similar and possibly better results to the ones obtained by iterative approaches. However, the bilateral filter was proposed as an intuitive tool without theoretical connection to the classical approaches. We propose such a bridge, and show that the bilateral filter also emerges from the Bayesian approach, as a single iteration of some well-known iterative algorithm. Based on this observation, we also show how the bilateral filter can be improved and extended to treat more general reconstruction problems.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/tip.2002.801126

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

  • Bilateral Filtering for Gray and Color Images

    Tomasi, C., & Manduchi, R. (2002) · Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36271) · doi:10.1109/iccv.1998.710815 · Cited by 8,177 · cited 9×

    “Tomasi and Manduchi proposed the bilateral filter in 1998 [14] as an appealing algorithm for noise removal from images.”
    BackgroundMethodResultInfluential

Show all 1 references

Cited by

See all 791

Metadata

Authors
Elad, M.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Published
2002-10
Volume
11
Issue
10
Pages
1141-1151
ISSN
1057-7149 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2109991658
Cited by
791
References
1
FWCI
14.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: On the origin of the bilateral filter and ways to improve it. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tip.2002.801126
The paper
Elad, M. (2002). On the origin of the bilateral filter and ways to improve it. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2002.801126

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.