The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bilateral Filtering: Theory and Applications
Abstract
The bilateral filter is a non-linear technique that can blur an image while respecting strong edges. Its ability to decompose an image into different scales without causing haloes after modification has made it ubiquitous in computational photography applications such as tone mapping, style transfer, relighting, and denoising. This text provides a graphical, intuitive introduction to bilateral filtering, a practical guide for efficient implementation and an overview of its numerous applications, as well as mathematical analysis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Stochastic relaxation, gibbs distributions, and the bayesian restoration of images.
Geman, S., & Geman, D. (1984) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.1984.4767596 · Cited by 17,949
A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing
(1999) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-466606-1.x5000-4 · Cited by 16,227
Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion
Perona, P., & Malik, J. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.56205 · Cited by 12,119
(1981) · Cited by 11,963
Bilateral Filtering for Gray and Color Images
Tomasi, C., & Manduchi, R. (2002) · Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36271) · doi:10.1109/iccv.1998.710815 · Cited by 8,177 · cited 3×
“With the former choice of wσs , we get the SUSAN filter [59] or the bilateral filter [63] (see Section 2).”
BackgroundMethodHuber, P. J. (1981) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471725250 · Cited by 7,066
Computational modelling of visual attention
Itti, L., & Koch, C. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35058500 · Cited by 4,733
Land, E. H., & McCann, J. J. (1971) · Journal of the Optical Society of America · doi:10.1364/josa.61.000001 · Cited by 4,095
Robust Statistics: The Approach Based on Influence Functions
Ruppert, D. (1987) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1269782 · Cited by 3,880
SUSAN—a new approach to low level image processing
Smith, S. M., & Brady, J. M. (1997) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1023/a:1007963824710 · Cited by 3,333
Cited by
Pixel-Adaptive Convolutional Neural Networks
Su, H., Jampani, V., Sun, D., Gallo, O., Learned-Miller, E., & Kautz, J. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.01142 · Cited by 348
Pedestrian detection under weather conditions using conditional generative adversarial network
Razzok, M., Badri, A., Mourabit, I. E., Ruichek, Y., & Sahel, A. (2023) · IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) · doi:10.11591/ijai.v12.i4.pp1557-1568 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Paris, S., Kornprobst, P., Tumblin, J., & Durand, F.
- Venue
- Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2009-08-28
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-73
- ISSN
- 1572-2740 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-2759
- OpenAlex
- W1995194116
- Cited by
- 586
- References
- 72
- FWCI
- 23.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bilateral Filtering: Theory and Applications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1561/0600000020
- The paper
- Paris, S., Kornprobst, P., Tumblin, J., & Durand, F. (2009). Bilateral Filtering: Theory and Applications. Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision. https://doi.org/10.1561/0600000020
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.