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Cited by 441

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

PPCA-Based Missing Data Imputation for Traffic Flow Volume: A Systematical Approach

Li Qu, Jianming Hu, Li Li, Yi Zhang·2009·IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems

Abstract

The missing data problem greatly affects traffic analysis. In this paper, we put forward a new reliable method called probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) to impute the missing flow volume data based on historical data mining. First, we review the current missing data-imputation method and why it may fail to yield acceptable results in many traffic flow applications. Second, we examine the statistical properties of traffic flow volume time series. We show that the fluctuations of traffic flow are Gaussian type and that principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to retrieve the features of traffic flow. Third, we discuss how to use a robust PCA to filter out the abnormal traffic flow data that disturb the imputation process. Finally, we recall the theories of PPCA/Bayesian PCA-based imputation algorithms and compare their performance with some conventional methods, including the nearest/mean historical imputation methods and the local interpolation/regression methods. The experiments prove that the PPCA method provides significantly better performance than the conventional methods, reducing the root-mean-square imputation error by at least 25%.

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Metadata

Authors
Qu, L., Hu, J., Li, L., & Zhang, Y.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Published
2009-09
Volume
10
Issue
3
Pages
512-522
ISSN
  • 1524-9050 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-0016
OpenAlex
W2163150789
Cited by
441
References
41
FWCI
5.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: PPCA-Based Missing Data Imputation for Traffic Flow Volume: A Systematical Approach. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tits.2009.2026312
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Qu, L., Hu, J., Li, L., & Zhang, Y. (2009). PPCA-Based Missing Data Imputation for Traffic Flow Volume: A Systematical Approach. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2009.2026312

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