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Standardized Assessment of Automatic Segmentation of White Matter Hyperintensities and Results of the WMH Segmentation Challenge

Open access
Kuijf, Hugo J., Casamitjana, Adria, Collins, D. Louis, Dadar, Mahsa, Georgiou, Achilleas, Ghafoorian, Mohsen, Jin, Dakai, Khademi, April, Knight, Jesse, Li, Hongwei, Llado, Xavier, Biesbroek, J. Matthijs, Luna, Miguel, Mahmood, Qaiser, McKinley, Richard, Mehrtash, Alireza, Ourselin, Sebastien, Park, Bo-Yong, Park, Hyunjin, Park, Sang Hyun, Pezold, Simon, Puybareau, Elodie, De Bresser, Jeroen, Rittner, Leticia, Sudre, Carole H., Valverde, Sergi, Vilaplana, Veronica, Wiest, Roland, Xu, Yongchao, Xu, Ziyue, Zeng, Guodong, Zhang, Jianguo, Zheng, Guoyan, Heinen, Rutger, Chen, Christopher, van der Flier, Wiesje, Barkhof, Frederik, Viergever, Max A., Biessels, Geert Jan, Andermatt, Simon, Bento, Mariana, Berseth, Matt, Belyaev, Mikhail, Cardoso, M. Jorge·2019·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

Abstract

Quantification of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin is of key importance in many neurological research studies. Currently, measurements are often still obtained from manual segmentations on brain MR images, which is a laborious procedure. The automatic WMH segmentation methods exist, but a standardized comparison of the performance of such methods is lacking. We organized a scientific challenge, in which developers could evaluate their methods on a standardized multi-center/-scanner image dataset, giving an objective comparison: the WMH Segmentation Challenge. Sixty T1 + FLAIR images from three MR scanners were released with the manual WMH segmentations for training. A test set of 110 images from five MR scanners was used for evaluation. The segmentation methods had to be containerized and submitted to the challenge organizers. Five evaluation metrics were used to rank the methods: 1) Dice similarity coefficient; 2) modified Hausdorff distance (95th percentile); 3) absolute log-transformed volume difference; 4) sensitivity for detecting individual lesions; and 5) F1-score for individual lesions. In addition, the methods were ranked on their inter-scanner robustness; 20 participants submitted their methods for evaluation. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the results. In brief, there is a cluster of four methods that rank significantly better than the other methods, with one clear winner. The inter-scanner robustness ranking shows that not all the methods generalize to unseen scanners. The challenge remains open for future submissions and provides a public platform for method evaluation.

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Authors
Kuijf, H. J., Casamitjana, A., Collins, D. L., Dadar, M., Georgiou, A., Ghafoorian, M., Jin, D., Khademi, A., Knight, J., Li, H., Llado, X., Biesbroek, J. M., Luna, M., Mahmood, Q., McKinley, R., Mehrtash, A., Ourselin, S., Park, B.-Y., Park, H., Park, S. H., Pezold, S., Puybareau, E., De Bresser, J., Rittner, L., Sudre, C. H., Valverde, S., Vilaplana, V., Wiest, R., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Zeng, G., Zhang, J., Zheng, G., Heinen, R., Chen, C., van der Flier, W., Barkhof, F., Viergever, M. A., Biessels, G. J., Andermatt, S., Bento, M., Berseth, M., Belyaev, M., & Cardoso, M. J.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
Published
2019-11
Volume
38
Issue
11
Pages
2556-2568
ISSN
  • 0278-0062 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-254X
OpenAlex
W2952735543
Cited by
292
References
52
FWCI
14.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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The paper
Kuijf, H. J., Casamitjana, A., Collins, D. L., Dadar, M., Georgiou, A., Ghafoorian, M., Jin, D., Khademi, A., Knight, J., Li, H., Llado, X., Biesbroek, J. M., Luna, M., Mahmood, Q., McKinley, R., Mehrtash, A., Ourselin, S., Park, B.-Y., Park, H., . . . Cardoso, M. J. (2019). Standardized Assessment of Automatic Segmentation of White Matter Hyperintensities and Results of the WMH Segmentation Challenge. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2905770

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