The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ambient RF Energy Harvesting in Urban and Semi-Urban Environments
Abstract
RF harvesting circuits have been demonstrated for more than 50 years, but only a few have been able to harvest energy from freely available ambient (i.e., non-dedicated) RF sources. In this paper, our objectives were to realize harvester operation at typical ambient RF power levels found within urban and semi-urban environments. To explore the potential for ambient RF energy harvesting, a city-wide RF spectral survey was undertaken from outside all of the 270 London Underground stations at street level. Using the results from this survey, four harvesters (comprising antenna, impedance-matching network, rectifier, maximum power point tracking interface, and storage element) were designed to cover four frequency bands from the largest RF contributors (DTV, GSM900, GSM1800, and 3G) within the ultrahigh frequency (0.3-3 GHz) part of the frequency spectrum. Prototypes were designed and fabricated for each band. The overall end-to-end efficiency of the prototypes using realistic input RF power sources is measured; with our first GSM900 prototype giving an efficiency of 40%. Approximately half of the London Underground stations were found to be suitable locations for harvesting ambient RF energy using our four prototypes. Furthermore, multiband array architectures were designed and fabricated to provide a broader freedom of operation. Finally, an output dc power density comparison was made between all the ambient RF energy harvesters, as well as alternative energy harvesting technologies, and for the first time, it is shown that ambient RF harvesting can be competitive with the other technologies.
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Cites
Ahlbom, A. (1998) · Health Physics · Cited by 5,083
Energy Harvesting From Human and Machine Motion for Wireless Electronic Devices
Mitcheson, P. D., Yeatman, E. M., Rao, G. K., Holmes, A. S., & Green, T. C. (2008) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2008.927494 · Cited by 1,888
Self-citationEfficient Far-Field Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Passively Powered Sensor Networks
Le, T., Mayaram, K., & Fiez, T. (2008) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2008.920318 · Cited by 734
Energy Harvesting for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Networks
Vullers, R., Schaijk, R., Visser, H., Penders, J., & Hoof, C. (2010) · IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine · doi:10.1109/mssc.2010.936667 · Cited by 625
Shinohara, N. (2011) · IEEE Microwave Magazine · doi:10.1109/mmm.2011.942732 · Cited by 385
Maximizing DC-to-Load Efficiency for Inductive Power Transfer
Pinuela, M., Yates, D. C., Lucyszyn, S., & Mitcheson, P. D. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2012.2215887 · Cited by 354
Self-citationPrototype implementation of ambient RF energy harvesting wireless sensor networks
Nishimoto, H., Kawahara, Y., & Asami, T. (2010) · 2010 IEEE Sensors · doi:10.1109/icsens.2010.5690588 · Cited by 210
Strategy for Microwave Energy Harvesting From Ambient Field or a Feeding Source
Marian, V., Allard, B., Vollaire, C., & Verdier, J. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2012.2185249 · Cited by 208
Ambient RF Energy Scavenging: GSM and WLAN Power Density Measurements
Visser, H. J., Reniers, A. C. F., & Theeuwes, J. A. C. (2008) · 2008 38th European Microwave Conference · doi:10.1109/eumc.2008.4751554 · Cited by 192
Thermoelectric mems generators as a power supply for a body area network
Leonov, V. N., Fiorini, P., Sedky, S. M., Torfs, T., & Hoof, C. A. V. (2005) · International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems · doi:10.1109/sensor.2005.1496414 · Cited by 132
Cited by
Wireless Networks With RF Energy Harvesting: A Contemporary Survey
Lu, X., Wang, P., Niyato, D., Kim, D. I., & Han, Z. (2015) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2014.2368999 · Cited by 2,603
Waveform Design for Wireless Power Transfer
Clerckx, B., & Bayguzina, E. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2016.2601284 · Cited by 346
Noncoherent Detections for Ambient Backscatter System
Qian, J., Gao, F., Wang, G., Jin, S., & Zhu, H. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2016.2635654 · Cited by 283
Wireless power transfer: systems, circuits, standards, and use cases
Van Mulders, J., Delabie, D., Lecluyse, C., Buyle, C., Callebaut, G., Van der Perre, L., & De Strycker, L. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22155573 · Cited by 141
Costanzo, A., & Masotti, D. (2017) · IEEE Microwave Magazine · doi:10.1109/mmm.2017.2664001 · Cited by 127
Metadata
- Authors
- Pinuela, M., Mitcheson, P. D., & Lucyszyn, S.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2715-2726
- ISSN
- 0018-9480 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9670
- OpenAlex
- W2120345201
- Cited by
- 926
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 39.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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