The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Simple model of spiking neurons
Abstract
A model is presented that reproduces spiking and bursting behavior of known types of cortical neurons. The model combines the biologically plausibility of Hodgkin-Huxley-type dynamics and the computational efficiency of integrate-and-fire neurons. Using this model, one can simulate tens of thousands of spiking cortical neurons in real time (1 ms resolution) using a desktop PC.
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“The neuron state transition influences downstream neural activity. Using classical neural models like Hodgkin-Huxley or integrate-and-fire (Izhikevich, 2003), the firing probability of a neuron i could be described as (see Equation 5):”
From The collapse of the wave function as the mediator of free will in prime neurons (2025) · cites this paper as Izhikevich, 2003
Citations
Cites
Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience
Izhikevich, E. M. (2006) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/2526.001.0001 · Cited by 3,776
Self-citationNEURAL EXCITABILITY, SPIKING AND BURSTING
Izhikevich, E. M. (2000) · International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos · doi:10.1142/s0218127400000840 · Cited by 1,994
Self-citationIntrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocortical neurons
Connors, B. W., & Gutnick, M. J. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90185-d · Cited by 1,440
Two networks of electrically coupled inhibitory neurons in neocortex
Gibson, J. R., Beierlein, M., & Connors, B. W. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/47035 · Cited by 1,404
Weakly Connected Neural Networks
Hoppensteadt, F. C., & Izhikevich, E. M. (1997) · Applied mathematical sciences · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1828-9 · Cited by 1,261
Self-citationGray, C. M., & McCormick, D. A. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5284.109 · Cited by 906
Parabolic Bursting in an Excitable System Coupled with a Slow Oscillation
Ermentrout, G. B., & Kopell, N. (1986) · SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1137/0146017 · Cited by 627
Bursts as a unit of neural information: selective communication via resonance
Izhikevich, E. M., Desai, N. S., Walcott, E. C., & Hoppensteadt, F. C. (2003) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00034-1 · Cited by 606
Self-citationIzhikevich, E. M. (2001) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(01)00078-8 · Cited by 509
Self-citationGlobal and partial synchronism in phase-locked loop networks
Monteiro, L. H. A., Canto, N. C. F., Chauí‐Berlinck, J. G., Orsatti, F. M., & Piqueira, J. R. C. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/tnn.2003.820441 · Cited by 24
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- Hoppensteadt, 2002, Canonical neural models
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Neuronify: An Educational Simulator for Neural Circuits
Dragly, S.-A., Hobbi Mobarhan, M., Våvang Solbrå, A., Tennøe, S., Hafreager, A., Malthe-Sørenssen, A., Fyhn, M., Hafting, T., & Einevoll, G. T. (2017) · eneuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0022-17.2017 · Cited by 16
MERRC: A Memristor-Enabled Reconfigurable Low-Power Reservoir Computing Architecture at the Edge
Nowshin, F., Huang, Y., Sarkar, M. R., Xia, Q., & Yi, Y. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3329337 · Cited by 12
Resting state neural networks and energy metabolism
Noack, R., Manjesh, C., Ruszinko, M., Siegelmann, H., & Kozma, R. (2017) · 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7965859 · Cited by 12
An integrate-and-fire model for pulsatility in the neuroendocrine system
Churilov, A. N., Milton, J., & Salakhova, E. R. (2020) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/5.0010553 · Cited by 10
Computational modeling of speed microcircuits in larval zebrafish spinal cord with Sili Fish
Topcu, E., & Bui, T. V. (2025) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00393.2024
The collapse of the wave function as the mediator of free will in prime neurons
Loboguerrero, D. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1637217
Metadata
- Authors
- Izhikevich, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Neurosciences Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Izhikevich, E.M.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1569-1572
- ISSN
- 1045-9227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2164653071
- Cited by
- 4,828
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 263 · 2025: 412 · 2024: 364 · 2023: 393 · 2022: 376 · 2021: 317 · 2020: 280 · 2019: 267 · 2018: 274 · 2017: 250 · 2016: 192 · 2015: 248 · 2014: 211 · 2013: 186 · 2012: 180
- FWCI
- 13.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › stochastic dynamics and bifurcation
- Keywords
- spiking neuron models, cortical neurons, bursting behavior, integrate-and-fire neurons, computational efficiency
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