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FORCe: Fully Online and Automated Artifact Removal for Brain-Computer Interfacing
Open accessAbstract
A fully automated and online artifact removal method for the electroencephalogram (EEG) is developed for use in brain-computer interfacing (BCI). The method (FORCe) is based upon a novel combination of wavelet decomposition, independent component analysis, and thresholding. FORCe is able to operate on a small channel set during online EEG acquisition and does not require additional signals (e.g., electrooculogram signals). Evaluation of FORCe is performed offline on EEG recorded from 13 BCI particpants with cerebral palsy (CP) and online with three healthy participants. The method outperforms the state-of the-art automated artifact removal methods Lagged Auto-Mutual Information Clustering (LAMIC) and Fully Automated Statistical Thresholding for EEG artifact Rejection (FASTER), and is able to remove a wide range of artifact types including blink, electromyogram (EMG), and electrooculogram (EOG) artifacts.
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“Applying the artifact removal algorithm FORCe [73] effectively eliminates this component (S1 Fig).”
From The Cybathlon BCI race: Successful longitudinal mutual learning with two tetraplegic users (2018) · cites this paper as [73]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Daly, I., Scherer, R., Billinger, M., & Muller-Putz, G.
- Affiliations
- Graz University of Technology (AT)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 725-736
- ISSN
- 1534-4320 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0210
- OpenAlex
- W2005521760
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 7.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- FP7 Framework EU Research Project ABC (287774)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Keywords
- EEG artifact removal, brain-computer interface, wavelet decomposition, independent component analysis, thresholding, blink artifacts, cerebral palsy
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Brain, Cerebral Palsy, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Online Systems, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Software, Reproducibility of Results, Artifacts, Internet, Principal Component Analysis, Wavelet Analysis, Brain-Computer Interfaces
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