A Cell-to-Cell Battery Equalizer With Zero-Current Switching and Zero-Voltage Gap Based on Quasi-Resonant LC Converter and Boost Converter
Open accessAbstract
In conventional equalizers, the facts of bulky size and high cost are widespread. Particularly, the zero-switching loss and zero-voltage gap (ZVG) between cells are difficult to implement due to the high-frequency hard switching and the voltage drop across power devices. To overcome these difficulties, a direct cell-to-cell battery equalizer based on quasi-resonant LC converter (QRLCC) and boost dc-dc converter (BDDC) is proposed. The QRLCC is employed to gain zero-current switching, leading to a reduction of power losses. The BDDC is employed to enhance the equalization voltage gap for large balancing current and ZVG between cells. Moreover, through controlling the duty cycle of the BDDC, the topology can online adaptively regulate the equalization current according to the voltage difference, which not only effectively prevents overequalization but also abridges the overall balancing time. Instead of a dedicated equalizer for each cell, only one balancing converter is employed and shared by all cells, reducing the size and implementation cost. Simulation and experimental results show the proposed scheme exhibits outstanding balancing performance, and the energy conversion efficiency is higher than 98%. The validity of the proposed equalizer is further verified by a quantitative and systematic comparison with the existing active balancing methods.
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These causes can lead to different initial conditions, different ageing, and different self-discharge rates, which then result in deviating SOC, capacity, and resistance values.
“These causes can lead to different initial conditions, different ageing and different self discharge rates, which then result in deviating SOC, capacity and resistance values [55].”
From Battery Management System Hardware Concepts: An Overview (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says manufacturing inconsistencies and individual cell characteristics produce SOC or voltage imbalance, and Battery Selection says cells’ self-discharge varies over their lifetimes. The paper also discusses differences in initial SOC and cell capacity, but it does not establish the claimed chain from different ageing and self-discharge rates to differing SOC, capacity, and resistance values. In the Introduction, degradation is described as a possible consequence of imbalance, not its stated cause. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Battery Management System Hardware Concepts: An Overview
Lelie, M., Braun, T., Knips, M., Nordmann, H., Ringbeck, F., Zappen, H., & Sauer, D. U. (2018) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app8040534 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
“(a) causes for the imbalance of several battery cells, figure based on [57]; (b) categorization of different balancing methods, shown names of non-dissipative methods refer to the direction of energy transfer, figure based on [55].”
BackgroundLi, L., Zhu, H., Zhou, A., Hu, M., Fu, C., & Qin, D. (2020) · International Journal of Electrochemical Science · doi:10.20964/2020.07.29 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Shang, Y., Zhang, C., Cui, N., & Guerrero, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- Aalborg University (DK)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3731-3747
- ISSN
- 0885-8993 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-0107
- OpenAlex
- W2092272350
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 10.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- vbn.aau.dk
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (publishedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation (61034007, 61273097, 61104034)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
- Keywords
- zero-current switching, boost converter, active balancing, energy conversion efficiency
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