Network Power-Flow Analysis for a High Penetration of Distributed Generation
Abstract
Increasing numbers of very small generators are being connected to electricity distribution systems around the world. Examples include photovoltaics (PV) and gas-fired domestic-scale combined heat and power (micro-CHP) systems, with electrical outputs in the region of 1 to 2 kW. These generators are normally installed within consumers' premises and connected to the domestic electricity supply network (230 V single-phase in Europe, 120 V in North America). There is a growing need to understand and quantify the technical impact that high penetrations of such generators may have on the operation of distribution systems. This paper presents an approach to analyzing this impact together with results indicating that considerable penetrations of micro-generation can be accommodated in a typical distribution system.
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Midday voltage rise, component overloading and voltage unbalance have been reported as major areas of concern as more PV systems are connected in distribution networks.
“In the literature [20][21][22], midday voltage rise, component overloading and voltage unbalance have been reported as the major areas of concern as more PV systems are connected in distribution networks.”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
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Monte Carlo-based assessment of PV impacts on real UK low voltage networks
Navarro, A., Ochoa, L. F., & Randles, D. (2013) · 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting · doi:10.1109/pesmg.2013.6672620 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study
Rahman, O., Elphick, S., & Robinson, D. A. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15051074 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Thomson, M., & Infield, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1157-1162
- ISSN
- 0885-8950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2161240744
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (publishedVersion)
- Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Power System Optimization
- Keywords
- distributed generation, distribution systems, photovoltaics, micro combined heat and power, microgeneration, distribution network operation
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