Community Energy Storage for Neutral Voltage Rise Mitigation in Four-Wire Multigrounded LV Feeders with Unbalanced Solar PV Allocation
Abstract
The traditional neutral voltage problem in low-voltage (LV) four-wire multigrounded distribution networks can be aggravated due to an unbalanced allocation of one-phase photovoltaic (PV) units. Inherent limitations restrict the performance of the traditional strategies to mitigate the combined effect of load and PV unbalance. To overcome the shortcoming of traditional approaches, a new dynamic mitigation approach using community energy storage (CES) is proposed in this paper. A power balancing algorithm is developed to perform the balancing operation while minimizing power drawn from the CES. A charge/discharge control strategy is developed that will continuously balance and dynamically adjust the power exchange with the grid in a real time, and mitigate the neutral current and neutral voltage rise. To investigate the applicability of the proposed approach under physical time delays associated with battery and PV systems, a suitable dynamic model is developed. An Australian LV distribution system is used to verify the proposed approach under daylong variations of load and PV, and also during short-term variations of PV output caused by cloud passing.
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These impacts are exacerbated in four-wire LV networks with MEN configuration, where neutral currents and neutral-to-ground potentials are strongly influenced by unbalanced load and PV allocation across phases.
“These impacts are exacerbated in four-wire LV networks with multiple earthed neutral (MEN) configuration, where neutral currents and neutral-to-ground potentials are strongly influenced by unbalanced load and PV allocation across phases [8][9][10][11].”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
A CES can be applied in an LV feeder to mitigate a neutral potential rise issue and provide voltage support for the distribution network.
“In reference [8], a CES is applied in an LV feeder to mitigate a neutral potential rise issue and provide voltage support for the distribution network.”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
Community energy storage with optimization-based control has potential to simultaneously improve voltage profiles and feeder economics.
“Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of community energy storage with optimization-based control to simultaneously improve voltage profiles and feeder economics [8,13]”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
OLTCs and voltage regulators, coordinated control of smart PV inverters, capacitor banks, distribution-level energy storage and STATCOMs have been proposed to address voltage and power-quality issues in PV-rich LV networks.
“These include on-load tap-changing transformers (OLTCs) and voltage regulators, coordinated control of smart PV inverters, capacitor banks, distribution-level energy storage and flexible AC transmission devices such as static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) [5,8,12,13].”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
More recent contributions have highlighted the need to model neutral and ground explicitly in multi-grounded four-wire systems to correctly capture neutral currents, neutral-to-ground voltages and associated safety margins.
“More recent contributions have highlighted the need to model neutral and ground explicitly, particularly in multi-grounded four-wire systems, to correctly capture neutral currents, neutral-to-ground voltages and associated safety margins [8][9][10][11].”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
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Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study
Rahman, O., Elphick, S., & Robinson, D. A. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15051074 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Alam, M. J. E., Muttaqi, K. M., & Sutanto, D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2845-2855
- ISSN
- 1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-3061
- OpenAlex
- W1916103816
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- Essential Energy Linkage (LP100100618)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Power Quality and Harmonics
- Keywords
- community energy storage, low-voltage feeders, dynamic modeling
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