The DOI matches its Crossref record; 136 of the 136 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Facial Image Analysis: A Survey
Abstract
Local binary pattern (LBP) is a nonparametric descriptor, which efficiently summarizes the local structures of images. In recent years, it has aroused increasing interest in many areas of image processing and computer vision and has shown its effectiveness in a number of applications, in particular for facial image analysis, including tasks as diverse as face detection, face recognition, facial expression analysis, and demographic classification. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of LBP methodology, including several more recent variations. As a typical application of the LBP approach, LBP-based facial image analysis is extensively reviewed, while its successful extensions, which deal with various tasks of facial image analysis, are also highlighted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Cortes, C., & Vapnik, V. (1995) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/bf00994018 · Cited by 59,421
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
Lowe, D. G. (2004) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1023/b:visi.0000029664.99615.94 · Cited by 55,589
Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection
Dalal, N., & Triggs, B. (2005) · 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2005.177 · Cited by 33,584
Advances in neural information processing systems 7
Cios, K., & Shields, M. (1997) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/s0925-2312(97)90018-7 · Cited by 22,059
Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features
Viola, P., & Jones, M. (2005) · Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001 · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2001.990517 · Cited by 18,300
Nearest neighbor pattern classification
Cover, T., & Hart, P. (1967) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/tit.1967.1053964 · Cited by 16,936
Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns
Ojala, T., Pietikainen, M., & Maenpaa, T. (2002) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2002.1017623 · Cited by 15,398
Turk, M., & Pentland, A. (1991) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1991.3.1.71 · Cited by 13,733
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection
Belhumeur, P. N., Hespanha, J. P., & Kriegman, D. J. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.598228 · Cited by 11,707
Robust Face Recognition via Sparse Representation
Wright, J., Yang, A. Y., Ganesh, A., Sastry, S. S., & Ma, Y. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2008.79 · Cited by 9,388
Cited by
Image Matching from Handcrafted to Deep Features: A Survey
Ma, J., Jiang, X., Fan, A., Jiang, J., & Yan, J. (2021) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-020-01359-2 · Cited by 990
Static facial expression analysis in tough conditions: Data, evaluation protocol and benchmark
Dhall, A., Goecke, R., Lucey, S., & Gedeon, T. (2011) · 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops) · doi:10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130508 · Cited by 541
Texture Feature Extraction Methods: A Survey
Humeau-Heurtier, A. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2018.2890743 · Cited by 521
Median Robust Extended Local Binary Pattern for Texture Classification
Liu, L., Lao, S., Fieguth, P. W., Guo, Y., Wang, X., & Pietikäinen, M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2016.2522378 · Cited by 431
From BoW to CNN: Two Decades of Texture Representation for Texture Classification
Liu, L., Chen, J., Fieguth, P., Zhao, G., Chellappa, R., & Pietikäinen, M. (2019) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-018-1125-z · Cited by 375
Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, D., Shan, C., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., & Chen, L.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 765-781
- ISSN
- 1094-6977 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2442
- OpenAlex
- W2096171208
- Cited by
- 905
- References
- 136
- FWCI
- 50.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Facial Image Analysis: A Survey. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2118750
- The paper
- Huang, D., Shan, C., Ardabilian, M., Wang, Y., & Chen, L. (2011). Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Facial Image Analysis: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews). https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2118750
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
