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Cited by 129Microgrid Control and OptimizationWind Turbine Control SystemsReal-time simulation and control systems

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Online Grid Impedance Estimation-Based Adaptive Control of Virtual Synchronous Generators Considering Strong and Weak Grid Conditions

Mohammed, Nabil, Ravanji, Mohammad Hasan, Zhou, Weihua, Bahrani, Behrooz·2023·IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
DOI 10.1109/tste.2022.3223976
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Abstract

The conventional virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is typically designed to meet certain operational and control requirements in the islanded mode. However, once the VSG is switched to grid-connected mode (GCM), the robust operation cannot be guaranteed under different grid conditions. It can lead to poor dynamic performance, especially in strong grids, such as significant oscillation, long settling time, and large overshoot. To improve the VSG performance in the GCM, this article first analyzes in depth the inherent coupling between the active and reactive power and its dependence on grid conditions, such as the short circuit ratio and the grid impedance ratio. Subsequently, an adaptive VSG (AVSG) control strategy based on online grid impedance estimation is proposed to ensure robust operation of the VSG considering both strong and weak grid conditions. This technique allows the operator to specify the desired settling time of the output power and damping ratio. To estimate the grid impedance in real time without additional hardware and reduce the associated impacts on power quality, an online event-based grid impedance estimation algorithm is embedded in the control loop of the AVSG. The simulation and experimental results indicate that, compared with the conventional fixed-parameters-based controller design method, the AVSG exhibits desired performance such as no oscillation, specified time duration for the settling time, and minimal overshoot regardless of the grid conditions.

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References 40 · Cited by 129

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Metadata

Authors
Mohammed, N., Ravanji, M. H., Zhou, W., & Bahrani, B.
Affiliations
Monash University (AU)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2023-01
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
673-687
ISSN
  • 1949-3029 (ISSN-L)
  • 1949-3037
DOI
10.1109/tste.2022.3223976
OpenAlex
W4313450086
Cited by
129
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 42 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 19
FWCI
8.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Monash Grid Innovation Hub
  • Australian Renewable Energy Agency
  • Advancing Renewable Program (2020/ARP007)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wind Turbine Control Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Real-time simulation and control systems
Keywords
virtual synchronous generator, adaptive control, weak grid conditions, grid-connected operation, short-circuit ratio, active and reactive power coupling, power oscillation damping, overshoot and settling time, power quality

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Online Grid Impedance Estimation-Based Adaptive Control of Virtual Synchronous Generators Considering Strong and Weak Grid Conditions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tste.2022.3223976
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Mohammed, N., Ravanji, M. H., Zhou, W., & Bahrani, B. (2023). Online Grid Impedance Estimation-Based Adaptive Control of Virtual Synchronous Generators Considering Strong and Weak Grid Conditions. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2022.3223976