The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Gender and Immersion in Communication and Second Language Orientations
Abstract
The present study examines the nonlinguistic outcomes of an immersion versus a nonimmersion program. The dependent variables included attitudes toward learning French, orientations for learning, willingness to communicate, communication anxiety, perceived communicative competence, and self‐reported frequency of communication in both English (L1) and French (L2). Immersion students indicated higher willingness to communicate, lower communication anxiety, higher perceived communicative competence, and more frequentcommunication only in the French language. Among the nonimmersion students, perceived competence was strongly correlated with willingness to communicate, but among the immersion students, communication anxiety correlated most strongly with willingness to communicate. Male nonimmersion students showed the least positive attitudes toward learning French; female nonimmersion students showed higher endorsement of three of the four language learningorientations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
MACINTYRE, P. D., CLÉMENT, R., DÖRNYEI, Z., & NOELS, K. A. (1998) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1998.tb05543.x · Cited by 2,171
Self-citationMotivational variables in second-language acquisition.
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1959) · Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0083787 · Cited by 1,746
Motivation in second and foreign language learning
Dörnyei, Z. (1998) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s026144480001315x · Cited by 1,384
Language Learning Motivation: Expanding the Theoretical Framework
OXFORD, R., & SHEARIN, J. (1994) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1994.tb02011.x · Cited by 1,239
Personality, Attitudes, and Affect as Predictors of Second Language Communication
MacIntyre, P. D., & Charos, C. (1996) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x960151001 · Cited by 893
Self-citationOral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research
McCROSKEY, J. C. (1977) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00599.x · Cited by 890
Methods and Results in the Study of Anxiety and Language Learning: A Review of the Literature*
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1991.tb00677.x · Cited by 856
Self-citationConceptualizing Motivation in Foreign‐Language Learning*
Dörnyei, Z. (1990) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1990.tb00954.x · Cited by 849
Measures of communication‐bound anxiety
McCroskey, J. C. (1970) · Speech Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637757009375677 · Cited by 717
Biases in Self‐Ratings of Second Language Proficiency: The Role of Language Anxiety
MacIntyre, P. D., Noels, K. A., & Clément, R. (1997) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/0023-8333.81997008 · Cited by 715
Self-citation
Cited by
Dörnyei, Z. (2003) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/1467-9922.53222 · Cited by 991
An Exploration of Chinese EFL Learners' Unwillingness to Communicate and Foreign Language Anxiety
LIU, M., & JACKSON, J. (2008) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00687.x · Cited by 729
Yashima, T., Zenuk‐Nishide, L., & Shimizu, K. (2004) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2004.00250.x · Cited by 684
Cao, Y., & Philp, J. (2006) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2006.05.002 · Cited by 509
Macintyre, P. D., & Legatto, J. J. (2011) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amq037 · Cited by 455
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. D.
- Venue
- Language Learning
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 311-341
- ISSN
- 0023-8333 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9922
- OpenAlex
- W2104968365
- Cited by
- 470
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 35.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Role of Gender and Immersion in Communication and Second Language Orientations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/0023-8333.00119
- The paper
- Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2000). The Role of Gender and Immersion in Communication and Second Language Orientations. Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00119
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.