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Cited by 395EFL/ESL Teaching and LearningMotivation and Self-Concept in SportsSecond Language Learning and Teaching

Learning Spanish as a Second Language: Learners' Orientations and Perceptions of Their Teachers' Communication Style

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Noels, Kimberly A.·2001·Language Learning
DOI 10.1111/0023-8333.00149
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Abstract

Students in lower‐level Spanish classes (N = 322) completed a questionnaire assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for learning Spanish, feelings of autonomy and competence regarding language learning, integrative orientation, and perceptions of teachers&;apos; communication style. The results of a path analysis showed that the more controlling the teacher was perceived to be, the less the students felt they were autonomous agents in the learning process, and the lower was students&;apos; intrinsic motivation. Integrative orientation was found to be related to intrinsic motivation, although it independently predicted effort and persistence and was the stronger predictor of various intergroup variables. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for multiple motivational substrates and the importance of teachers&;apos; communication style for students&;apos; motivation.

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  • When students perceive their teachers as giving them choice in what and how to learn, and as providing helpful friendly feedback on progress, they will be encouraged to put more effort into study.

    “In other words, when students perceive their teachers as giving them choice in what and how to learn, and as providing helpful friendly feedback on progress, they will be encouraged to put more effort into study.”

    From The motivational dimension of language teaching (2017) · cites this paper as Noels 2001

    In “Students’ Perceptions of the Teacher and L2 Motivation” (page unavailable), the paper links choice and encouraging, informative feedback to motivation and says sustained effort is presumed to follow. Its results link perceived teacher behavior to autonomy and competence, but the “Limitations and Directions for Future Research” section says the correlational study cannot establish the proposed causal path to effort. The claim’s definite prediction that students will put in more effort therefore overstates the evidence. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Noels and colleagues found that Spanish language teachers with a communicative style which supported their North American students' sense of autonomy and competence tended to have learners with more intrinsic and internalized forms of motivation.

    “Attempts to apply SDT to L2 pedagogy were led by Noels and colleagues (Noels, Cl´ ement & Pelletier 1999; Noels 2001), who found that, in line with the theory, Spanish language teachers with a communicative style which supported their North American students' sense of autonomy and competence tended to have learners with more intrinsic and internalized forms of motivation.”

    From The motivational dimension of language teaching (2017) · cites this paper as Noels 2001

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Research works printed but not linked: 31

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Authors
Noels, K. A.
Affiliations
University of Alberta (CA)
Corresponding author
Noels, Kimberly A.
ORCID
Noels, Kimberly A.
Venue
Language Learning
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2001-03
Volume
51
Issue
1
Pages
107-144
ISSN
  • 0023-8333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-9922
DOI
10.1111/0023-8333.00149
OpenAlex
W2043529006
Cited by
395
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 25
FWCI
22.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 656 d)
Locations
Language Learning (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • University of California, Santa Barbara
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Second Language Learning and Teaching
Keywords
Spanish as a second language, teacher communication style, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, learner autonomy, integrative orientation, learner perceptions, effort and persistence, intergroup attitudes

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