Above‐ground and below‐ground responses to long‐term nutrient addition across a retrogressive chronosequence
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Summary: There is much interest in understanding ecosystem responses to local‐scale soil fertility variation, which has often been studied using retrogressive chronosequences that span thousands of years and show declining fertility and plant productivity over time. There have been few attempts to experimentally test how plant nutrient limitation changes during retrogression. We studied a well‐characterized system of 30 forested lake islands in northern Sweden that collectively represent a 5350‐year post‐fire retrogressive chronosequence, with fertility and productivity decreasing as time since fire increases. For each island, we set up four plots on understorey vegetation, each subjected to a different fertilizer treatment over 6 years: no additions, nitrogen (N) only, phosphorus (P) only and N + P. We found that both N and P additions reduced feather moss and thus total plant biomass. Meanwhile, the three dominant vascular plant species showed contrasting biomass responses, but similar responses of foliar nutrient concentrations to nutrient additions. Fertilization reduced most microbial groups and altered CO 2 fluxes, most likely through feather moss reduction. Against expectations, the majority of interactive effects of N and P were antagonistic. Changes in effects of nutrient additions during retrogression were usually modest. Empetrum hermaphroditum biomass was increasingly promoted by P and N + P addition, while vascular plant N‐to‐P ratios were increasingly reduced by P addition, indicating increasing plant limitation by nutrients (notably P) during retrogression. Below‐ground, positive effects of N addition on soil mineral N increased, while negative effects of N addition on soil fungi decreased during retrogression; no other below‐ground effects of fertilization changed along the gradient. Synthesis. Our results show that forest understorey communities on islands of different fire history and thus stages of retrogression show relatively modest differences in how they respond to nutrient addition despite large changes in ecosystem productivity and soil fertility, probably because of high species turnover and adaptation of communities to infertile conditions. While increased nutrient availability (as expected through global change) may have important ecological consequences, these effects are likely, especially below‐ground, to be rather similar across ecosystems that differ greatly in nutrient availability and productivity.
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The effect of fire on soils is inherently coupled with changes aboveground.
“The effect of fire on soils is inherently coupled with changes aboveground (Wardle, Jonsson, Mayor, & Metcalfe, 2016).”
From Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers (2020) · cites this paper as Wardle et al., 2016
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Soil phosphorus forms show only minor changes across a 5000-year-old boreal wildfire chronosequence
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- Authors
- Wardle, D. A., Jonsson, M., Mayor, J. R., & Metcalfe, D. B.
- Affiliations
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
- Umeå University (SE)
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Wardle, David A.
- Venue
- Journal of Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-12-29
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 545-560
- ISSN
- 0022-0477 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2745
- OpenAlex
- W2175581191
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wallenberg Scholars
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Keywords
- nutrient addition, nitrogen fertilization, phosphorus fertilization, post-fire succession, feather moss, Empetrum hermaphroditum, plant nutrient limitation, soil microbial communities, soil fungi, soil mineral nitrogen, soil CO2 flux, leaf nutrient content, plant biomass, lake islands, soil fertility
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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