The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Variability and Detection of Invariant Structure
Abstract
Two experiments investigated learning of nonadjacent dependencies by adults and 18-month-olds. Each learner was exposed to three-element strings (e.g., pel-kicey-jic) produced by one of two artificial languages. Both languages contained the same adjacent dependencies, so learners could distinguish the languages only by acquiring dependencies between the first and third elements (the nonadjacent dependencies). The size of the pool from which the middle elements were drawn was systematically varied to investigate whether increasing variability (in the form of decreasing predictability between adjacent elements) would lead to better detection of nonadjacent dependencies. Infants and adults acquired nonadjacent dependencies only when adjacent dependencies were least predictable. The results point to conditions that might lead learners to focus on nonadjacent versus adjacent dependencies and are important for suggesting how learning might be dynamically guided by statistical structure.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Word Segmentation: The Role of Distributional Cues
Saffran, J. R., Newport, E. L., & Aslin, R. N. (1996) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1006/jmla.1996.0032 · Cited by 1,405
Incidental Language Learning: Listening (and Learning) Out of the Corner of Your Ear
Saffran, J. R., Newport, E. L., Aslin, R. N., Tunick, R. A., & Barrueco, S. (1997) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00690.x · Cited by 675 · cited 2×
“It occurs after as little as 2 min of exposure (Saffran, Aslin, & Newport, 1996) and when learners are not explicitly focused on or aware of statistical structure in the training stimuli (Saffran, Newport, Aslin, Tunick, & Barrueco, 1997; see also Gómez, 1997); it also appears to be age invariant, occurring as readily…”
BackgroundAttentional and nonattentional forms of sequence learning.
Curran, T., & Keele, S. W. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.19.1.189 · Cited by 594 · cited 1×
“Although sequences with higher-order dependencies are more difficult to acquire than those with lower-order dependencies, learners are clearly able to track both kinds of structure (Cleeremans & McClelland, 1991; Curran & Keele, 1993; Reed & Johnson, 1994; Schvaneveldt & Gómez, 1998).”
Background
Cited by
Darwin's mistake: Explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds
Penn, D. C., Holyoak, K. J., & Povinelli, D. J. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x08003543 · Cited by 1,174
Exercising your brain: A review of human brain plasticity and training-induced learning.
Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2008) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0014345 · Cited by 660
Social Feedback to Infants’ Babbling Facilitates Rapid Phonological Learning
Goldstein, M. H., & Schwade, J. A. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02117.x · Cited by 620
Frequent frames as a cue for grammatical categories in child directed speech
Mintz, T. H. (2003) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(03)00140-9 · Cited by 597
A construction based analysis of child directed speech
Cameron‐Faulkner, T., Lieven, E., & Tomasello, M. (2003) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2706_2 · Cited by 592
Metadata
- Authors
- Gómez, R. L.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 431-436
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2153592339
- Cited by
- 840
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 40.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Variability and Detection of Invariant Structure. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1467-9280.00476
- The paper
- Gómez, R. L. (2002). Variability and Detection of Invariant Structure. Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00476
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
