The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Latent Variable Models for Mixed Discrete and Continuous Outcomes
Abstract
Summary: We propose a latent variable model for mixed discrete and continuous outcomes. The model accommodates any mixture of outcomes from an exponential family and allows for arbitrary covariate effects, as well as direct modelling of covariates on the latent variable. An EM algorithm is proposed for parameter estimation and estimates of the latent variables are produced as a by-product of the analysis. A generalized likelihood ratio test can be used to test the significance of covariates affecting the latent outcomes. This method is applied to birth defects data, where the outcomes of interest are continuous measures of size and binary indicators of minor physical anomalies. Infants who were exposed in utero to anticonvulsant medications are compared with controls.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm
Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x · Cited by 50,444
Handbook of Mathematical Functions
McQuarrie, D. A. (1966) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.1972842 · Cited by 40,433
Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models
LIANG, K.-Y., & ZEGER, S. L. (1986) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/73.1.13 · Cited by 18,550
Statistical Analysis With Missing Data
Lahiff, M., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289883 · Cited by 17,265
Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis.
Johnson, A. R., & Wichern, D. W. (1988) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531616 · Cited by 11,353
Longitudinal Data Analysis for Discrete and Continuous Outcomes
Zeger, S. L., & Liang, K.-Y. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531248 · Cited by 7,764
Agresti, A. (2002) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471249688 · Cited by 6,746
Generalized Linear Models (2nd ed.).
Therneau, T. M., McCullagh, P., & Nelder, J. A. (1993) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290358 · Cited by 4,907
Approximate Inference in Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Breslow, N. E., & Clayton, D. G. (1993) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1993.10594284 · Cited by 4,629
Maximum likelihood estimation via the ECM algorithm: A general framework
MENG, X.-L., & RUBIN, D. B. (1993) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/80.2.267 · Cited by 1,861
Cited by
Nguena Nguefack, H. L., Pagé, M. G., Katz, J., Choinière, M., Vanasse, A., Dorais, M., Samb, O. M., & Lacasse, A. (2020) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s265287 · Cited by 527
Bayesian Latent Variable Models for Clustered Mixed Outcomes
Dunson, D. B. (2000) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00236 · Cited by 305
Generalized Latent Trait Models
Moustaki, I., & Knott, M. (2000) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02296153 · Cited by 254
Lambert, P., & Vandenhende, F. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1249 · Cited by 86
Vickerstaff, V., Ambler, G., & Omar, R. Z. (2021) · Biometrical Journal · doi:10.1002/bimj.201900040 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Sammel, M. D., Ryan, L. M., & Legler, J. M.
- Venue
- Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-09-01
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 667-678
- ISSN
- 1369-7412 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9868
- OpenAlex
- W2150983145
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 6.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Latent Variable Models for Mixed Discrete and Continuous Outcomes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1467-9868.00090
- The paper
- Sammel, M. D., Ryan, L. M., & Legler, J. M. (1997). Latent Variable Models for Mixed Discrete and Continuous Outcomes. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9868.00090
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.