The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Processing Instruction: An Update
Abstract
In this article I review processing instruction (PI), first introduced in VanPatten and Cadierno (1993). I outline a model of input processing, then describe the nature of PI itself, and follow this with a description of research to date on PI. I also review research that offers counterevidence to the findings of my own and others’ research and argue that some of these studies can be considered not as contradictory, but as complementary, to the research on PI, whereas some of the other studies contain drawbacks in design and procedure that merit close scrutiny.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Second Language Fluency
Schmidt, R. (1992) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263100011189 · Cited by 458
Cited by
AT THE INTERFACE: DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
Ellis, N. C. (2005) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s027226310505014x · Cited by 893
Principles of instructed language learning
Ellis, R. (2005) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2004.12.006 · Cited by 682
Bedore, L. M., & Peña, E. D. (2008) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.2167/beb392.0 · Cited by 536
Instructed SLA: Constraints, Compensation, and Enhancement
Doughty, C. J. (2003) · The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1002/9780470756492.ch10 · Cited by 519
The Effectiveness of Second Language Pronunciation Instruction: A Meta-Analysis
Lee, J., Jang, J., & Plonsky, L. (2015) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amu040 · Cited by 431
Metadata
- Authors
- VanPatten, B.
- Venue
- Language Learning
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 755-803
- ISSN
- 0023-8333 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9922
- OpenAlex
- W2142465223
- Cited by
- 488
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 90.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Processing Instruction: An Update. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1467-9922.00203
- The paper
- VanPatten, B. (2002). Processing Instruction: An Update. Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00203
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.