The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Interface between ADHD and Language Impairment: An Examination of Language, Achievement, and Cognitive Processing
Abstract
Language impairments are commonly observed among children referred for psychiatric services. The most frequent psychiatric diagnosis of children with language impairment (LI) is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is not clear whether there are differences between children with ADHD and comorbid LI and children with other psychiatric disorders who are also comorbid for LI. In the present study the language, achievement, and cognitive processing characteristics of 166 psychiatrically referred 7-14-year-old children were examined using a 2 x 2 (ADHD, LI) design to examine four groups: children with ADHD + LI, children with ADHD who have normally developing language, children with psychiatric diagnoses other than ADHD with a language impairment (OPD + LI) or without a LI (OPD). Results indicated that children with LI were at the most disadvantage regardless of the nature of the psychiatric diagnosis. Contrary to prediction, working memory measures, used to tap the core cognitive deficit of ADHD in executive functions, were more closely associated with LI than with ADHD. It was concluded that caution must be exercised in attributing to children with ADHD what might be a reflection of problems for children with language impairment generally. As most therapies are verbally based it is notable that language competence is rarely evaluated systematically before such therapies are undertaken.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As language disorders have been found to be a highly prevalent comorbidity in ADHD”
From Relationships between neuropsychological measures of executive function and behavioral measures of ADHD symptoms and comorbid behavior (2006) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“In children referred for psychiatric services, those with LI have been shown to be the most impaired regardless of the psychiatric diagnosis”
From Relationships between neuropsychological measures of executive function and behavioral measures of ADHD symptoms and comorbid behavior (2006) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“The most common psychiatric diagnosis of children with LI is ADHD”
From Relationships between neuropsychological measures of executive function and behavioral measures of ADHD symptoms and comorbid behavior (2006) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“Language impairment (LI) is highly prevalent in children with psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems.”
From Relationships between neuropsychological measures of executive function and behavioral measures of ADHD symptoms and comorbid behavior (2006) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“the EF construct of WM, which has been considered to be a core problem in ADHD, is more closely related to LI than to ADHD”
From Relationships between neuropsychological measures of executive function and behavioral measures of ADHD symptoms and comorbid behavior (2006) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“Language Impairment (LI) is highly prevalent in children with ADHD and academic underachievement, co-occurring at a rate of approximately 45% (Beitchman, Wilson, Brownlie, Watlters, & Lancee, 1996; Cohen et al., 2000; Tirosh & Cohen, 1998; Tomblin, Zhang, Buckwalter, & Catts, 2000).”
From Semantic Language as a Mechanism Explaining the Association between ADHD Symptoms and Reading and Mathematics Underachievement (2012) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2000
Citations
Cites
Vygotsky, L. S. (1964) · Bulletin of the Orton Society · doi:10.1007/bf02928399 · Cited by 20,704
Individual differences in working memory and reading
Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(80)90312-6 · Cited by 6,336
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment
Barkley, R. A., & Poillion, M. J. (1994) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874299401900205 · Cited by 4,635
Operational efficiency and the growth of short-term memory span
Case, R., Kurland, D. M., & Goldberg, J. S. (1982) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-0965(82)90054-6 · Cited by 1,234
Attention, Memory, and Executive Function
Lyon, G. R., Krasnegor, N. A., & McMenamin, S. (1996) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-199608000-00014 · Cited by 972
The Role of Speech in the Regulation of Normal and Abnormal Behavior
Luria, A. R. (1961) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-05275-9 · Cited by 971
The Role of Speech in the Regulation of Normal and Abnormal Behaviour
(1962) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1962.tb89009.x · Cited by 936
The Development of Working Memory in Normally Achieving and Subtypes of Learning Disabled Children
Siegel, L. S., & Ryan, E. B. (1989) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131037 · Cited by 842
The Development of Working Memory in Normally Achieving and Subtypes of Learning Disabled Children
Siegel, L. S., & Ryan, E. B. (1989) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03528.x · Cited by 837
Bishop, D. V. M. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1017/s0021963098002832 · Cited by 758
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–272 of 272
Kesalahan Fonologi pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Arifiyanti, N., & Margana, M. (2023) · Aulad Journal on Early Childhood · doi:10.31004/aulad.v6i3.557 · Cited by 1
Memory Updating Deficit in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Children
Zhang, W., Li, F., & Jiang, Y.-P. (2016) · International Conference on Medicine and Biopharmaceutical · doi:10.1142/9789814719810_0001 · Cited by 1
Noori, F., Farahani, S. S., Mokrian, H., Asadi, M., & Mokrian, H. (2018) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.07.046 · Cited by 1
Sepúlveda, E. M. (2018) · International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología · doi:10.17060/ijodaep.2018.n2.v1.1351 · Cited by 2
Nunes, E. A., Schneider, B., Dursun, S. M., Baker, G. B., & Hallak, J. E. C. (2012) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s1516-4446(12)70019-3 · Cited by 1
(2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1080/24750573.2019.1606883 · Cited by 1
Auditory - Visual Matching in Learning Disabilities: Intervention Studies from Finland and Sweden
Törmänen, M. R. K. (2010) · Cited by 1
Cultural differences on the children's memory scale
Cash, D. D. (2009) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries) · Cited by 1
Eiges, K. A. (2015) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) · Cited by 1
Ali, S. A., Ali, S. N., & Khan, R. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0170.v1 · Cited by 1
Skuban, E. M. (2010) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Kinderen met een psychiatrische stoornis en hun taalontwikkeling
Peters, H. F. M., Bastiaanse, R., Borsel, J. V., Jansonius-Schultheiss, K., Dejonckere, P. H. O., der Meulen, S. V., & Mondelaers, B. J. E. (2014) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-0796-8_12
Pragmatische taalstoornissen bij kinderen
Peters, H. F. M., Bastiaanse, R., Borsel, J. V., Jansonius-Schultheiss, K., Dejonckere, P. H. O., der Meulen, S. V., & Mondelaers, B. J. E. (2014) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-0796-8_2
Owen, Z. (2014) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
What is it like to be an Adolescent with a Speech, Language and Communication Impairment (SLCI)?
Gogna, R. (2012) · UEL Research Repository (University of East London) · doi:10.15123/pub.1887
Gremillion, M. L. (2011) · ScholarWorks @ The University of New Orleans (The University of New Orleans)
Marcin, R. (2010) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
Variation of language, cognition and behavior in children with specific language impairment
van Daal, J. G. H. L. (2008) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University)
Neurokognitive Defizite bei Autismus und Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssyndrom
Bruning, N. (2006) · PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)
Kielellinen erityisvaikeus : oirekuva ja familiaalisuus potilasasiakirjojen perusteella
Leppänen, S. (2011) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Keating, D. (2002) · Faculty of Health
Milligan, R. (2012) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)
Distúrbios da linguagem falada no transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade
Periotto, M. C. (2009) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2009.tde-08092009-151608
Increased Internalizing Problems in Children Aged 4 to 12 With Language
Impairments, A., Nobile, M., Garzitto, M., Marini, A., Fornasari, L., Gal, N., Bonivento, C., Piccin, S., Mattiussi, E., Balestrieri, M., et al. (2013)
Behaviour problems and cognitive skills in adolescents with Down syndrome
Smith, L. G. E. (2014)
Yang, P., Lung, F., Chang, C., Hsu, H., & Jong, Y. (2014) · International Journal of Child Development and Mental Health
Communication difficulties in children identified with psychiatric problems
Helland, W. A. (2010) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Bilingualism, Executive Function, and Att ention Defic it/hyperactivity Disorder
Beck, C. A. (2014) · OpenSIUC (Southern Illinois University Carbondale)
Ottesen, M. (2008) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Language, motor skills and behavior problems in preschool years
Wang, M. V. (2014) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Language difficulties in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Agapitou, P., Galantomos, I., & Ανδρέου, Γ. (2010) · ExLing Conferences · doi:10.36505/exling-2010/03/0001/000121
L’examen psychomoteur chez les jeunes enfants présentant un trouble du langage oral
Albaret, J., & Albaret, J.-M. (2015)
Corcos, E., & Paolucci, P. (2010) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-826-0.ch008
Pragmatische taalstoornissen bij kinderen
Blankenstijn, C. J. K. S., & Scheper, A. (1999) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-313-8642-0_167
The Genetics of Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
Nudel, R., Ceroni, F., Simpson, N. H., & Newbury, D. F. (2015) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.58.01nud
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Co-Existing Conditions: A Lexical Decision
Saunders, A., Kirk, I. J., & Waldie, K. E. (2015)
The socio-emotional functioning of primary aged children with specific language impairment
Bakopoulou, I. (2010) · IOE EPrints
Cognitive profiling of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disorder
Pocklington, B. A. (2010) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)
Διαταραχή Ελλειμματικής Προσοχής – Υπερκινητικότητας και Μαθησιακές Δυσκολίες
ΜΠΑΣΤΕΑ, Α., & ΠΑΠΑΔΑΤΟΣ, Ι. (2017) · Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο Επιστημών Εκπαίδευσης · doi:10.12681/edusc.1025
Phonological awareness and spatial visual memory among sample of dyslexic children
Huwailah, A. H., & Diyar, M. N. A. A. (2017) · Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] · doi:10.24200/jass.vol8iss2pp59-79
Treatment of speech disorders in preschool children
Шалимов, В. Ф., Suvorinova, N. Y., & Nesterovskiy, Y. E. (2017) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro201711711280-87
Consequences of specific language impairment in children
Chutko, L. S., Surushkina, S. Y., Yakovenko, E. A., Сергеев, А. В., & Rozhkova, A. V. (2018) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro20181185154
Frenette, S., & Mayer-Crittenden, C. (2018) · Diversity of Research in Health Journal · doi:10.28984/drhj.v2i0.168
Treatment of Speech Development Disorders in Preschool Children
Шалимов, В. Ф., Suvorinova, N. Y., & Nesterovskiy, Y. E. (2019) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-019-00723-1
Longitudinal associations between language difficulties and internalizing problems
Helland, S. S. (2018) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Akhter, S., Akter, S., & Akhter, M. A. A. S. A. T. (2019) · International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development · doi:10.31142/ijtsrd21675
Understanding the Friendships of Individuals with ADHD from an Executive Function Perspective
Mackenzie, G. (2019) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2019.27.6.1
Jegadeesan, T. (2020) · Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development · doi:10.37506/ijphrd.v11i12.13220
فعالية برنامج تدريبي لتنمية الإدراک السمعي وأثره على التواصل اللفظي لدى ذوي صعوبات تعلم القراءة
مسلم, م. ف. أ. (2016) · مجلة التربية الخاصة · doi:10.21608/mtkh.2016.168617
Le langage oral : développement typique et atypique
Mazeau, M., Pouhet, A., & Maes, E. P. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-76706-7.00002-3 · Cited by 1
فعالیة برنامج حاسوبی تنمیة بعض المهارات اللغویة لدى الأطفال ذوی صعوبات التعلم
محمد, ع. أ., سلیمان, أ. س. م., & وردة, أ. ص. ش. (2021) · مجلة کلية التربية · doi:10.21608/jfe.2021.181452
Poole, T. (2021) · UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria)
Vassiliu, C., Mouzaki, A., Antoniou, F., Ralli, A. M., Diamanti, V., Papaioannou, S., & Katsos, N. (2021) · 14ο Διεθνές Συνέδριο Ελληνικής Γλωσσολογίας · doi:10.26220/icgl.v1i1.3777
(2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118269954.refs
تقنین بطاریة قیاس الذاکرة العاملة للفئة العمریة 7-11 سنة على البیئة الکویتیة (دراسة میدانیة-تشخیصیة)
الديار, م. ن. أ. (2022) · مجلة کلیة الآداب جامعة بورسعید · doi:10.21608/jfpsu.2022.135590.1184
العدد الحادی والعشرون-الجزء الثانی (النسخة الکاملة)
(2022) · مجلة کلیة الآداب جامعة بورسعید · doi:10.21608/jfpsu.2022.246042
Habilidades linguísticas em pacientes com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade
Rezende, I. S. M. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2022.tde-03012023-112610
Linguistic, Metalinguistic and Psychiatric Characteristics of Children with Speech Sound Disorder
Amidfar, M. (2023) · Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews · doi:10.2174/2666082219666230828163404
Heine, L. (2024) · Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache · doi:10.1515/infodaf-2024-0062
Milestones in the development of music and language
Brandt, A., Gebrian, M., & Slevc, L. R. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894700.013.0017 · Cited by 2
Afsah, O., Bondok, M., & Baz, H. M. (2025) · The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1186/s43163-025-00801-x
Liu, K., Huang, J., Pei, Y., Huang, S.-C., & Chung, C.-Y. (2025) · Pediatrics & Neonatology · doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2025.03.007
Comparison of Metacognitive Strategies Used by Individuals with ADHD in Online Instruction
Brown, V. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals · doi:10.64546/jaasep.124
HyperCOCO: Multi-sensory Hyper COgnitive COmputing for learning population level brain connectivity
Soussia, M., Mahjoub, M. A., & Rekik, I. (2026) · Medical Image Anal. · doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104156
Cooper, B. M. (2014) · FIU - Digital Commons (Florida International University) · doi:10.25148/etd.fi14071126
Romero, A. C. L. (2013) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Mackie, L. (2010) · Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Cohen, N. J., Vallance, D. D., Barwick, M., Im, N., Menna, R., Horodezky, N. B., & Isaacson, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 353-362
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2070654273
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, language impairment, comorbidities, working memory, executive function, academic performance, cognitive processes, language competence, verbal therapy
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Language Disorders, Language Tests, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
