The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Calling it Rape: Differences in Experiences of Women Who do or do not Label their Sexual Assault as Rape
Abstract
Past research had found that one-half or more of all women who have had an experience that might meet the definition of rape do not label themselves rape victims. The present study examined the actual rape experiences of 33 women who labeled their assault experience as rape and 56 women who did not label their assault experience as rape through questionnaires and open-ended descriptions of what happened during their assault. Quantitative findings replicated past research, finding that acknowledged victims, compared to unacknowledged victims, were older, knew their assailant less well, experienced more forceful assaults, and had stronger negative emotional reactions to the experience. Qualitative analysis revealed that women were mostly likely to acknowledge their experience as rape when the assailant was not their boyfriend and they woke up with a man penetrating them or the assailant used force and dominated them to obtain intercourse. Women assaulted as children also acknowledged their experience as rape. However, when the assault involved a boyfriend, or if the woman was severely impaired by alcohol or drugs, or if the act involved oral or digital sex, the women were unlikely to label their situations as constituting rape.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Koss, M. P., Gidycz, C. A., & Wisniewski, N. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.2.162 · Cited by 2,602
Sexual Experiences Survey: Reliability and validity.
Koss, M. P., & Gidycz, C. A. (1985) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.53.3.422 · Cited by 1,131
Date rape and sexual aggression in dating situations: Incidence and risk factors.
Muehlenhard, C. L., & Linton, M. A. (1987) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0167.34.2.186 · Cited by 795
The Hidden Rape Victim: Personality, Attitudinal, and Situational Characteristics
Koss, M. P. (1985) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00872.x · Cited by 543
Koss, M. P., & Dinero, T. E. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.57.2.242 · Cited by 499
Acquaintance Rape and Alcohol Consumption on College Campuses: How Are They Linked?
Abbey, A. (1991) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.1991.9936229 · Cited by 311
Norris, J., Nurius, P. S., & Dimeff, L. A. (1996) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00668.x · Cited by 298
Feigning sexual desire: Consenting to unwanted sexual activity in heterosexual dating relationships
O'Sullivan, L. F., & Allgeier, E. R. (1998) · Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499809551938 · Cited by 297
Flirting with Danger: Young Women's Reflections on Sexuality and Domination
Phillips, L. M. (2000) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · doi:10.18574/nyu/9780814768150 · Cited by 242
Exploring a feminist routine activities approach to explaining sexual assault
Schwartz, M. D., & Pitts, V. L. (1995) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418829500092551 · Cited by 230
Cited by
Being Silenced: The Impact of Negative Social Reactions on the Disclosure of Rape
Ahrens, C. E. (2006) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-006-9069-9 · Cited by 567
Peterson, Z. D., & Muehlenhard, C. L. (2004) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/b:sers.0000037758.95376.00 · Cited by 353
Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Unacknowledged Rape
Wilson, L. C., & Miller, K. E. (2016) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838015576391 · Cited by 279
Peterson, Z. D., & Muehlenhard, C. L. (2007) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490709336794 · Cited by 272
Alderden, M. A., & Ullman, S. E. (2012) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801212453867 · Cited by 203
Metadata
- Authors
- Kahn, A. S., Jackson, J., Kully, C., Badger, K., & Halvorsen, J.
- Venue
- Psychology of Women Quarterly
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 233-242
- ISSN
- 0361-6843 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-6402
- OpenAlex
- W2036663310
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 27
- FWCI
- 14.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Calling it Rape: Differences in Experiences of Women Who do or do not Label their Sexual Assault as Rape. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1471-6402.00103
- The paper
- Kahn, A. S., Jackson, J., Kully, C., Badger, K., & Halvorsen, J. (2003). Calling it Rape: Differences in Experiences of Women Who do or do not Label their Sexual Assault as Rape. Psychology of Women Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00103
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.