The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Racial/Ethnic and Gender Disparities in Health Care Use and Access
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To document racial/ethnic and gender differences in health service use and access after the Affordable Care Act went into effect. Data Source: Secondary data from the 2006–2014 National Health Interview Survey. Study Design: Linear probability models were used to estimate changes in health service use and access (i.e., unmet medical need) in two separate analyses using data from 2006 to 2014 and 2012 to 2014. Data Extraction: Adult respondents aged 18 years and older ( N = 257,560). Principal Findings: Results from the 2006–2014 and 2012–2014 analyses show differential patterns in health service use and access by race/ethnicity and gender. Non‐Hispanic whites had the greatest gains in health service use and access across both analyses. While there was significant progress among Hispanic respondents from 2012 to 2014, no significant changes were found pre–post‐health care reform, suggesting access may have worsened before improving for this group. Asian men had the largest increase in office visits between 2006 and 2014, and although not statistically significant, the increase continued 2012–2014. Black women and men fared the worst with respect to changes in health care access. Conclusions: Ongoing research is needed to track patterns of health service use and access, especially among vulnerable racial/ethnic and gender groups, to determine whether existing efforts under health care reform reduce long‐standing disparities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“reflecting the tendency for White females to attend mental health services more often than their male/non-White counterparts, and their greater likelihood of participating in research studies [46, 47].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
KESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327
Revisiting the Behavioral Model and Access to Medical Care: Does it Matter?
Andersen, R. M. (1995) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2137284 · Cited by 9,831
Screening for serious mental illness in the general population
Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Normand, S.-L. T., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., et al. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184 · Cited by 5,692
Socioeconomic Disparities In Health: Pathways And Policies
Adler, N. E., & Newman, K. (2002) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.60 · Cited by 2,102
Gender differences in the utilization of health care services.
Bertakis, K. D., Azari, R. S., Helms, L., Callahan, E. J., & Robbins, J. A. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 1,464
Differences in the use of procedures between women and men hospitalized for coronary heart disease
Ayanian, J. Z., & Epstein, A. M. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199107253250401 · Cited by 1,188
The quality of care for depressive and anxiety disorders in the United States
Young, A. S., Klap, R., Sherbourne, C. D., & Wells, K. B. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.1.55 · Cited by 1,061
Disparities in Health Care by Race, Ethnicity, and Language Among the Insured
Fiscella, K. A., Franks, P. J., Doescher, M. P., & Saver, B. G. (2002) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200201000-00007 · Cited by 917
Alegria, M. M., CANINO, G. J., Ríos, R. E., Vera, M., Calderón, J., Rusch, D. B., & Ortega, A. N. (2002) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.53.12.1547 · Cited by 799
Ethnic Disparities in Unmet Need for Alcoholism, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Care
Wells, K., Klap, R., Koike, A., & Sherbourne, C. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.12.2027 · Cited by 773
Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of health services
Ashton, C. M., Haidet, P., Paterniti, D. A., Collins, T. C., Gordon, H. S., O’Malley, K. J., Petersen, L. A., Sharf, B. F., Suarez-Almazor, M. E., Wray, N. P., et al. (2003) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20532.x · Cited by 504
Gender, psychosocial factors and the use of medical services: a longitudinal analysis
Green, C. A., & Pope, C. R. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00440-7 · Cited by 472
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care Access and Utilization Under the Affordable Care Act
Chen, J., Bustamante, A. V., Mortensen, K., & Ortega, A. N. (2015) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000000467 · Cited by 445
Asian American mental health: a call to action
Sue, S., Cheng, J. K. Y., Saad, C. S., & Chu, J. P. (2012) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0028900 · Cited by 375
Gender differences of symptom reporting and medical health care utilization in the German population
Ladwig, K., Marten‐Mittag, B., Formanek, B. M., & Dammann, G. (2000) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1023/a:1007629920752 · Cited by 301
Assessing Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Treatment across Episodes of Mental Health Care
Cook, B. L., Zuvekas, S. H., Carson, N. J., Wayne, G. F., Vesper, A., & McGuire, T. G. (2013) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12095 · Cited by 273
Access to Health and Health Care: How Race and Ethnicity Matter
Richardson, L. D., & Norris, M. M. (2010) · Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine · doi:10.1002/msj.20174 · Cited by 234
Sex Differences in the Use of Health Care Services
Mustard, C., Kaufert, P., Kozyrskyj, A. L., & Mayer, T. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199806043382307 · Cited by 233
Giles, W. H. (1995) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.155.3.318 · Cited by 230
Gender and health care utilization: The role of mental distress and help-seeking propensity
Koopmans, G. T., & Lamers, L. M. (2006) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.018 · Cited by 220
Policy Dilemmas in Latino Health Care and Implementation of the Affordable Care Act
Ortega, A. N., Rodríguez, H. P., & Bustamante, A. V. (2015) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122421 · Cited by 205
Caldwell, T. M., Rodgers, B., Jorm, A. F., Christensen, H., Jacomb, P. A., Korten, A. E., & Lynskey, M. T. (2002) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00092.x · Cited by 203
Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Health Insurance Coverage of Young Adults
Cantor, J. C., Monheit, A. C., DeLia, D., & Lloyd, K. (2012) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01458.x · Cited by 193
Filters on the pathway to mental health care, II. Sociodemographic factors
Gallo, J. J., Marino, S., Ford, D. E., & Anthony, J. C. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700033122 · Cited by 190
I. Comparing Use of Public and Private Mental Health Services: The Enduring Barriers of Race and Age
Swartz, M. S., Wagner, H. R., Swanson, J. W., Burns, B. J., George, L. K., & Padgett, D. K. (1998) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1018736917761 · Cited by 172
Ojeda, V. D., & McGuire, T. G. (2006) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-006-9008-9 · Cited by 163
Unmet healthcare need, gender, and health inequalities in Canada
Bryant, T., Leaver, C. A., & Dunn, J. R. (2008) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.11.002 · Cited by 142
Barley, E. A., Walters, P., Tylee, A. T., & Murray, J. (2012) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-13-1 · Cited by 139
Do Canada and the United States Differ in Prevalence of Depression and Utilization of Services?
Vasiliadis, H., LESAGE, A. D., Adair, C. E., Wang, P. S., & Kessler, R. C. (2007) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2007.58.1.63 · Cited by 134
Help-seeking tendencies in Asian Americans with suicidal ideation and attempts.
Chu, J. P., Hsieh, K.-Y., & Tokars, D. A. T. (2011) · Asian American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023326 · Cited by 131
The 2007–09 Recession And Health Insurance Coverage
Holahan, J. (2010) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.1003 · Cited by 127
Hahm, H. C., Cook, B. L., Ault-Brutus, A., & Alegria, M. M. (2014) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400116 · Cited by 125
Gender and health services use for a mental health problem
Albizu‐García, C. E., Alegria, M. M., Freeman, D., & Vera, M. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00380-4 · Cited by 111
Gender differences in health care access indicators in an urban, low-income community
Merzel, C. R. (2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.6.909 · Cited by 105
Male and female morbidity in general practice: The nature of sex differences
van Wijk, C. M. T. G., Kolk, A. M. M., van den Bosch, W. J. H. M., & van den Hoogen, H. J. M. (1992) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(92)90005-b · Cited by 104
Franks, P. J., & Clancy, C. M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 98
Race differences in the receipt of mental health services among young adults.
Broman, C. L. (2012) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/a0027089 · Cited by 98
Gender Inequalities in Access to Health Care among Adults Living in British Columbia, Canada
Socias, M. E., Koehoorn, M. W., & Shoveller, J. (2015) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2015.08.001 · Cited by 96
Healthy People 2020: A Report Card on the Health of the Nation
Koh, H. K., Blakey, C., & Roper, A. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.6446 · Cited by 83
Clemans-Cope, L., Kenney, G. M., Buettgens, M., Carroll, C. E., & Blavin, F. E. (2012) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1086 · Cited by 80
Lévesque, J., Pineault, R., Hamel, M., Roberge, D., Kapetanakis, C., Simard, B., & Prud’homme, A. (2012) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-13-66 · Cited by 71
Andrulis, D. P., Siddiqui, N. J., Purtle, J., & Duchon, L. M. (2010) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/t2o2-gn6b · Cited by 70
The Case for Synergy Between a Usual Source of Care and Health Insurance Coverage
DeVoe, J. E., Tillotson, C. J., Lesko, S. E., Wallace, L. S., & Angier, H. E. (2011) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1666-0 · Cited by 56
Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities and the Affordable Care Act: a Status Update
Sealy-Jefferson, S. M., Vickers, J. K., Elam, A. R., & Wilson, M. R. (2015) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0113-z · Cited by 55
Gender, Health, and Physician Visits Among Adults in the United States
Xu, K., & Borders, T. F. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.7.1076 · Cited by 54
Kasman, N. M., & Badley, E. M. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03405137 · Cited by 49
Kenney, G. M., McMorrow, S., Zuckerman, S., & Goin, D. E. (2012) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0159 · Cited by 49
Husaini, B. A., Sherkat, D. E., Levine, R., Bragg, R., Holzer, C. E., Anderson, K., Cain, V. A., & Moten, C. (2002) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/089826430201400105 · Cited by 43
Determinants Associated with the Utilization of Primary and Specialized Mental Health Services
Fleury, M., Grenier, G., Bamvita, J., Perreault, M., & Caron, J. (2011) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-011-9181-3 · Cited by 35
Understanding alcohol misuse and comorbid psychiatric disorders
Baigent, M. F. (2005) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000165590.68058.b0 · Cited by 33
Gettens, J., Henry, A. D., & Himmelstein, J. (2011) · Journal of Disability Policy Studies · doi:10.1177/1044207311416584 · Cited by 16
Realizing the Promise of the Affordable Care Act—January 1, 2014
McDonough, J. E., & Adashi, E. Y. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.286067 · Cited by 15
Impact of Changes in Medicaid Coverage on Physician Provision of Safety Net Care
Sabik, L. M., & Gandhi, S. O. (2013) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3182a50305 · Cited by 7
A Study of a Total Social Services Care Population and its Inter-Agency Shared Care Populations
Keene, J. (2005) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bch207 · Cited by 4
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015, Data File Documentation, National Health Interview Survey, 2006–2014
- NIAAA, 2005, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Helping Patients Who Drink Too Much: A Clinician's Guide. NIH Pub No. 05‐3769
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2010, Health People 2020
- Salganicoff A., 2014, Women and Health Care in the Early Years of the Affordable Care Act
- Schoenborn C., 2002, Alcohol Use Among Adults: United States, 1997–98. Advanced Data: National Center for Health Statistics
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mahajan, S., Caraballo, C., Lu, Y., Valero-Elizondo, J., Massey, D., Annapureddy, A. R., Roy, B., Riley, C., Murugiah, K., Onuma, O., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9907 · Cited by 368
Coombs, N. C., Meriwether, W. E., Caringi, J., & Newcomer, S. R. (2021) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100847 · Cited by 333
Ruprecht, M. M., Wang, X., Johnson, A. K., Xu, J., Felt, D., Ihenacho, S., Stonehouse, P., Curry, C. W., DeBroux, C., Costa, D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00497-9 · Cited by 192
Sex Differences in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Shobab, L. A., Burman, K. D., & Wartofsky, L. (2021) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2021.0361 · Cited by 158
Ojikutu, B. O., Bogart, L. M., Higgins-Biddle, M., Dale, S. K., Allen, W., Dominique, T., & Mayer, K. H. (2018) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-018-2067-8 · Cited by 145
Metadata
- Authors
- Manuel, J. I.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Manuel, Jennifer I.
- ORCID
- Manuel, Jennifer I.
- Venue
- Health Services Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-05-08
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1407-1429
- ISSN
- 0017-9124 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-6773
- PMC
- PMC5980371
- OpenAlex
- W2614015444
- Cited by
- 378
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 27.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Services Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA035330)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Healthcare Policy and Management
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Keywords
- racial and ethnic disparities, gender disparities, health care access, health care utilization, unmet medical needs, Affordable Care Act, health care reform, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, office visits, vulnerable populations
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Black or African American, Ethnicity, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Health Services Research, Health Status, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Patient-Centered Care, White People, Racial Groups, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
