As forensic scientists and as people, we must not confuse objectivity with neutrality
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Horrific crimes and cases of child abuse provoke emotions and may bias observations and judgments.
“It is only natural that horrific crimes and cases of child abuse provoke emotions and may bias observations and judgments (Almada et al., 2021).”
From Biased and biasing: the hidden bias cascade and bias snowball effects (2025) · cites this paper as Almada et al., 2021
Cites
Cognitive and human factors in expert decision making: Six fallacies and the eight sources of bias
Dror, I. E. (2020) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00704 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Nakhaeizadeh, S., Dror, I. E., & Morgan, R. M. (2013) · Science & Justice · doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2013.11.003 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Understanding and Mitigating Bias in Forensic Evaluation: Lessons from Forensic Science
Zapf, P. A., & Dror, I. E. (2017) · International Journal of Forensic Mental Health · doi:10.1080/14999013.2017.1317302 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
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Objectivity is a myth that harms the practice and diversity of forensic science
Winburn, A. P., & Clemmons, C. M. J. (2021) · Forensic Science International: Synergy · doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2021.100196 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Biased and biasing: the hidden bias cascade and bias snowball effects
Dror, I. E. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15040490 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A conversation on redefining ethical considerations in forensic anthropology
Adams, D. M., Goldstein, J. Z., Isa, M. I., Kim, J. J., Moore, M. K., Pilloud, M. A., Tallman, S. D., & Winburn, A. P. (2022) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.13753 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationSpeaking Truth to Power: Toward a Forensic Anthropology of Advocacy and Activism
Adams, D. M., Bedard, J. R., Blatt, S. H., Faisal, E., Goliath, J. R., Gregory-Alcock, G., Gruenthal‐Rankin, A., Lorenzo, P. N. M., Smith, A. C., Tallman, S. D., et al. (2024) · Humans · doi:10.3390/humans4010005 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Yim, A., Juarez, J. K., Goliath, J. R., & Melhado, I. S. (2022) · Forensic Science International Synergy · doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100280 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
What makes a “good” forensic anthropologist?
Marten, M. G., Winburn, A. P., Burgen, B. R., Seymour, S. K., & Walkup, T. (2023) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.13874 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Meloro, R. M., Tallman, S. D., Streed, C. G., Stowell, J. T., Delgado, T. A., Haug, J. D., Redgrave, A., & Winburn, A. P. (2025) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/736355 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Human Rights and Humanitarian Forensic Action: The Experience in Uruguay
Almada, H. R., Duhalde, F. B., & Salaverría, V. I. (2022) · Forensic Sciences Research · doi:10.1080/20961790.2022.2052591 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Winburn, A., Clemmons, C. M. J., Delgado, T. A., Hartley, S., Latham, K. E., Pilloud, M. A., & Tallman, S. (2021) · Forensic Science International: Synergy · doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2021.100197 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationNavigating Liminality in Evolving Forensic Anthropology Professionalism
Boyd, D. C. (2024) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.25054 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Historical autopsy: A contribution to the investigation of State terrorism crimes in Uruguay
Almada, H. R., & Duhalde, F. B. (2021) · Forensic Science International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100242 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Migrant death and the ethics of visual documentation in forensic anthropology
Latham, K. E., O’Daniel, A. J., & Ramos, T. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781119806394.ch15 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Carazo, M. S., & Renshaw, L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61493-5_22-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prácticas forenses y violencia en masa: perspectivas contemporáneas y retos investigativos
Olarte‐Sierra, M. F., Deister, V. G., & Congram, D. (2023) · Antípoda Revista de Antropología y Arqueología · doi:10.7440/antipoda50.2023.01
Self-citationWar Crimes: Site Investigation
Djuric, M. P., & Starović, A. (2024) · Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21441-7.00203-x
- Authors
- Rodriguez Almada, H., Passalacqua, N. V., Congram, D., & Pilloud, M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Faculty of Medicine Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
- Western Carolina University (US)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- University of Nevada, Reno (US)
- Corresponding author
- Congram, Derek
- Venue
- Journal of Forensic Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-06-27
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2067-2068
- ISSN
- 0022-1198 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-4029
- OpenAlex
- W3177107592
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Forensic Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Legal processes and jurisprudence
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Academic Freedom and Politics
- Keywords
- objectivity, neutrality, forensic scientists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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