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Steep delay discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis of continuous associations: Delay discounting and addiction
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: To synthesize continuous associations between delayed reward discounting (DRD) and both addiction severity and quantity-frequency (QF); to examine moderators of these relationships; and to investigate publication bias. METHODS: Meta-analysis of published studies examining continuous associations between DRD and addictive behaviors. Published, peer-reviewed studies on addictive behaviors (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants, opiates and gambling) were identified via PubMed, MEDLINE and PsycInfo. Studies were restricted to DRD measures of monetary gains. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using Pearson's r as the effect size. Publication bias was evaluated using fail-safe N, Begg-Mazumdar and Egger's tests, meta-regression of publication year and effect size and imputation of missing studies. RESULTS: ). Significantly larger effect sizes were observed for studies examining severity compared with QF (P = 0.01), but not between the type of addictive behavior (P = 0.30) or DRD assessment (P = 0.90). Indices of publication bias suggested a modest impact of unpublished findings. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed reward discounting is associated robustly with continuous measures of addiction severity and quantity-frequency. This relation is generally robust across type of addictive behavior and delayed reward discounting assessment modality.
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“Elevated delay discounting has frequently been associated with addiction severity (Amlung et al., 2017).”
From Age-dependent Effects of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine on Cognition and the Brain: A Systematic Review of the Human and Animal Literature Comparing Adolescents and Adults. (2023) · cites this paper as Amlung et al., 2017
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In the citing paper
“Delay discounting tasks are generally considered to provide an index of impulsive behaviour (Amlung et al., 2017).”
From Age-dependent Effects of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine on Cognition and the Brain: A Systematic Review of the Human and Animal Literature Comparing Adolescents and Adults. (2023) · cites this paper as Amlung et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“Steeply discounting delayed rewards is correlated with most substance-use disorders, the severity of these disorders, rates of relapse to drug use, and a host of other maladaptive decisions impacting human health.”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as Amlung et al., 2017
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“Consistent with this conceptual analysis, individual differences in how steeply LLRs are discounted robustly correlates with the incidence and severity of problem substance use”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as Amlung et al., 2017
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“Another meta-analysis showed that greater delay discounting is associated with more severe addictive behaviors, with comparable effect sizes found across different types of addictive behaviors.191”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [191]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Amlung, M., Vedelago, L., Acker, J., Balodis, I., & MacKillop, J.
- Affiliations
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research (CA)
- Syracuse VA Medical Center (US)
- Homewood Research Institute (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Amlung, Michael
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-09-01
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-62
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5148639
- OpenAlex
- W2492643729
- Cited by
- 626
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 7.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30DA027827)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- delay discounting, addictive behavior, addiction severity, impulsivity, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, cannabis use, stimulants, opiates, gambling, publication bias, moderators
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reward, Severity of Illness Index, Behavior, Addictive, Publication Bias, Delay Discounting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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