Cited by 51Climate Change and Health ImpactsDermatology and Skin DiseasesAsthma and respiratory diseases

Impact of climate change on atopic dermatitis: A review by the International Eczema Council

Open access
Wang, Sheng‐Pei, Stefanovic, Nicholas, Orfali, Raquel L., Aoki, Valeria, Brown, Sara J., Dhar, Sandipan, Eichenfield, Lawrence F., Flohr, Carsten +9 more·2024·Allergy

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most burdensome skin condition worldwide, is influenced by climatic factors and air pollution; however, the impact of increasing climatic hazards on AD remains poorly characterized. Leveraging an existing framework for 10 climatic hazards related to greenhouse gas emissions, we identified 18 studies with evidence for an impact on AD through a systematic search. Most climatic hazards had evidence for aggravation of AD the impact ranged from direct effects like particulate matter‐induced AD exacerbations from wildfires to the potential for indirect effects like drought‐induced food insecurity and migration. We then created maps comparing the past, present, and future projected burden of climatic hazards to global AD prevalence data. Data are lacking, especially from those regions most likely to experience more climatic hazards. We highlight gaps important for future research: understanding the synergistic impacts of climatic hazards on AD, long‐term disease activity, the differential impact on vulnerable populations, and how basic mechanisms explain population‐level trends.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/all.16007

Cites

12 of 12 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Evidence indicates that most climatic hazards, including wildfire-associated smoke, aggravate AD.

    “Also, evidence indicates that most climatic hazards, including wildfire‐associated smoke, aggravate AD [59].”

    From Wildfires and Atopic Diseases: A Review (2026) · cites this paper as [59]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 73

  1. Laughter MR, Maymone MBC, Mashayekhi S, et al. The global bur- den of atopic dermatitis: lessons from the global burden of disease study 1990-2017. Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(2):304-309.
  2. Abuabara K, Langan SM. Atopic dermatitis across the life course. Br J Dermatol. 2023;188(6):709-717.
  3. Stefanovic N, Flohr C, Irvine AD. The exposome in atopic dermati- tis. Allergy. 2020;75(1):63-74.
  4. Elias PM, Wakefield JS. An integrated view of the epidermal envi- ronmental interface. Dermatol Sin. 2015;33(2):49-57.
  5. Thyssen JP, Zirwas MJ, Elias PM. Potential role of reduced environ- mental UV exposure as a driver of the current epidemic of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(5):1163-1169.
  6. Rueter K, Jones AP, Siafarikas A, et al. Direct infant UV light expo- sure is associated with eczema and immune development. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(3):1012-1020.e1012.
  7. Kim BE, Hui-Beckman J, Lyubchenko T, et al. Transient receptor po- tential vanilloid 1 plays a major role in low temperature-mediated skin barrier dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;150(2):362- 372.e367.
  8. Hendricks AJ, Eichenfield LF, Shi VY. The impact of airborne pol- lution on atopic dermatitis: a literature review. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(1):16-23.
  9. Pan Z, Dai Y, Akar-Ghibril N, et al. Impact of air pollution on atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2023;65:121-135.
  10. Ferrara F, Pambianchi E, Woodby B, et al. Evaluating the effect of ozone in UV induced skin damage. Toxicol Lett. 2021;338:40-50.
  11. Engebretsen KA, Johansen JD, Kezic S, Linneberg A, Thyssen JP. The effect of environmental humidity and temperature on skin barrier function and dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(2):223-249.
  12. Ayasse MT, Ahmed A, Espinosa ML, et al. What are the high- est yielding search strategy terms for systematic reviews in atopic dermatitis? A systematic review. Arch Dermatol Res. 2021;313(9):737-750.
  13. Shariff SZ, Bejaimal SA, Sontrop JM, et al. Retrieving clinical evi- dence: a comparison of PubMed and Google scholar for quick clini- cal searches. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(8):e164.
  14. Mora C, Spirandelli D, Franklin EC, et al. Broad threat to human- ity from cumulative climate hazards intensified by greenhouse gas emissions. Nat Clim Chang. 2018;8(12):1062-1071.
  15. Hui-Beckman JW, Goleva E, Leung DYM, Kim BE. The impact of temperature on the skin barrier and atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023;131:713-719.
  16. Haque MS, Hailu T, Pritchett E, Cusack CA, Allen HB. The oldest new finding in atopic dermatitis: subclinical miliaria as an origin. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(4):436-438.
  17. Fölster-Holst R, Galecka J, Weißmantel S, et al. Birch pollen influ- ence the severity of atopic eczema-prospective clinical cohort pilot study and ex vivo penetration study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:539.
  18. Sargen MR, Hoffstad O, Margolis DJ. Warm, humid, and high sun exposure climates are associated with poorly controlled eczema: PEER (pediatric eczema elective registry) cohort, 2004-2012. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(1):51-57.
  19. Hamann CR, Andersen YMF, Engebretsen KA, et al. The ef- fects of season and weather on healthcare utilization among patients with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(10):1745-1753.
  20. Silverberg JI, Hanifin J, Simpson EL. Climatic factors are associated with childhood eczema prevalence in the United States. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(7):1752-1759.
  21. Fathy R, Rosenbach M. Climate change and inpatient dermatology. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2020;9(4):201-209.
  22. Fadadu RP, Abuabara K, Balmes JR, Hanifin JM, Wei ML. Air pollution and atopic dermatitis, from molecular mechanisms to population-level evidence: a review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2526.
  23. Xu R, Yu P, Abramson MJ, et al. Wildfires, global climate change, and human health. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(22):2173-2181.
  24. Aguilera R, Corringham T, Gershunov A, Benmarhnia T. Wildfire smoke impacts respiratory health more than fine particles from other sources: observational evidence from Southern California. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1493.
  25. Fadadu RP, Green M, Jewell NP, Grimes B, Vargo J, Wei ML. Association of exposure to wildfire air pollution with exacerbations of atopic dermatitis and itch among older adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2238594.
  26. Seth D, Fadadu R, Jewell N, Wei M. 246 environmental injustice and risk for wildfire-associated skin flares. J Investig Dermatol. 2022;142(8):S42.
  27. Dayrit JF, Sugiharto A, Coates SJ, Lucero-Prisno DE 3rd, Davis MDD, Andersen LK. Climate change, human migration, and skin disease: is there a link? Int J Dermatol. 2022;61(2):127-138.
  28. Ismael A, El-Gilany A-H. Pattern of skin diseases among central African refugees in Chad. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2015;14:324-328.
  29. Ibekwe PU, Ukonu BA. Impact of weather conditions on atopic dermatitis prevalence in Abuja, Nigeria. J Natl Med Assoc. 2019;111(1):88-93.
  30. Park KJ, Moon JY, Ha JS, et al. Impacts of heavy rain and ty- phoon on allergic disease. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(3):140-145.
  31. Degboe B, Atadokpede F, Nguessie C, et al. Comorbidities and envi- ronmental factors associated with atopic dermatitis in children and adults in dermatology-venereology in Cotonou, Benin. Dermatol Res Pract. 2021;2021:1502721.
  32. Lee YC, Ju HJ, Kwon JW, Bae JM. Seasonality of allergic diseases: real-world evidence from a nationwide population-based study. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2020;8(3):360-362.
  33. Agbessi N, Akpadjan F, Dégboé B, et al. Epidemio-clinical profile of atopic dermatitis in children in general population in Parakou (Benin). Clinic Res Dermatol. 2020;3(1):1-4.
  34. Tu HM, Chen HM. Effects of flood and flood-control engineering on morbidity. Int J Disast Risk Re. 2020;51:101835.
  35. Chen NT, Chen MJ, Wu CD, Guo YL. Emergency room visits for childhood atopic dermatitis are associated with floods? Sci Total Environ. 2021;773:145435.
  36. Dayrit JF, Bintanjoyo L, Andersen LK, Davis MDP. Impact of climate change on dermatological conditions related to flooding: update from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Committee. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(8):901-910.
  37. Tempark T, Lueangarun S, Chatproedprai S, Wananukul S. Flood-related skin diseases: a literature review. Int J Dermatol. 2013;52(10):1168-1176.
  38. Bandino JP, Hang A, Norton SA. The infectious and noninfectious dermatological consequences of flooding: a field manual for the re- sponding provider. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015;16(5):399-424.
  39. Farabegoli F, Blanco L, Rodriguez LP, Vieites JM, Cabado AG. Phycotoxins in marine shellfish: origin, occurrence and effects on humans. Mar Drugs. 2018;16(6):188.
  40. Schram ME, Tedja AM, Spijker R, Bos JD, Williams HC, Spuls PI. Is there a rural/urban gradient in the prevalence of eczema? A sys- tematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2010;162(5):964-973.
  41. Parmes E, Pesce G, Sabel CE, et al. Influence of residential land cover on childhood allergic and respiratory symptoms and diseases: evidence from 9 European cohorts. Environ Res. 2020;183:108953.
  42. Pacheco-Gonzalez R, Ellwood E, Exeter D, Stewart AW, Asher I; Group IPTS. Does urban extent from satellite images relate to symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in chil- dren? A cross-sectional study from ISAAC phase three. J Asthma. 2016;53(8):854-861.
  43. Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC phases one and three repeat multi- country cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368(9537):733-743.
  44. Kim J, Han Y, Ahn JH, et al. Airborne formaldehyde causes skin barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2016;175(2):357-363.
  45. Magnani ND, Muresan XM, Belmonte G, et al. Skin damage mech- anisms related to airborne particulate matter exposure. Toxicol Sci. 2016;149(1):227-236.
  46. Han RT, Kim HY, Ryu H, et al. Glyoxal-induced exacerbation of pru- ritus and dermatitis is associated with staphylococcus aureus col- onization in the skin of a rat model of atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci. 2018;90(3):276-283.
  47. Tang KT, Ku KC, Chen DY, Lin CH, Tsuang BJ, Chen YH. Adult atopic dermatitis and exposure to air pollutants-a nationwide population- based study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;118(3):351-355.
  48. Lu C, Deng L, Ou C, Yuan H, Chen X, Deng Q. Preconceptional and perinatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and eczema in preschool children. J Dermatol Sci. 2017;85(2):85-95.
  49. Guo Q, Xiong X, Liang F, et al. The interactive effects between air pollution and meteorological factors on the hospital outpatient vis- its for atopic dermatitis in Beijing, China: a time-series analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(12):2362-2370.
  50. Kibar Ozturk M. Skin diseases in rural Nyala, Sudan (in a rural hos- pital, in 12 orphanages, and in two refugee camps). Int J Dermatol. 2019;58(11):1341-1349.
  51. Saikal SL, Ge L, Mir A, et al. Skin disease profile of Syrian refugees in Jordan: a field-mission assessment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(2):419-425.
  52. Richter JC, Jakobsson K, Taj T, Oudin A. High burden of atopy in immigrant families in substandard apartments in Sweden-on the contribution of bad housing to poor health in vulnerable popula- tions. World Allergy Organ J. 2018;11(1):9.
  53. Habib RR, Basma SH, Yeretzian JS. Harboring illnesses: on the association between disease and living conditions in a Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon. Int J Environ Health Res. 2006;16(2):99-111.
  54. Hashizume H, Horibe T, Ohshima A, Ito T, Yagi H, Takigawa M. Anxiety accelerates T-helper 2-tilted immune responses in patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152(6):1161-1164.
  55. Wang V, Boguniewicz J, Boguniewicz M, Ong PY. The infectious complications of atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;126(1):3-12.
  56. Tso S, Satchwell F, Moiz H, et al. Erythroderma (exfoliative dermati- tis). Part 1: underlying causes, clinical presentation and pathogene- sis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021;46(6):1001-1010.
  57. Nassikas NJ, Gold DR. Climate change is a health crisis with opportunities for health care action: a focus on health care providers, patients with asthma and allergic immune dis- eases, and their families and neighbors. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;152(5):1047-1052.
  58. Caraballo JC, Yshii C, Westphal W, Moninger T, Comellas AP. Ambient particulate matter affects occludin distribution and in- creases alveolar transepithelial electrical conductance. Respirology. 2011;16(2):340-349.
  59. Akdis CA. Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the in- crease in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions? Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21(11):739-751.
  60. Salim SY, Kaplan GG, Madsen KL. Air pollution effects on the gut microbiota: a link between exposure and inflammatory disease. Gut Microbes. 2014;5(2):215-219.
  61. Kohler CA, Maes M, Slyepchenko A, et al. The gut-brain Axis, in- cluding the microbiome, leaky gut and bacterial translocation: mechanisms and pathophysiological role in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(40):6152-6166.
  62. Magyari A, Ye M, Margolis DJ, et al. Adult atopic eczema and the risk of dementia: a population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(2):314-322.
  63. Lee H, Lee JH, Koh SJ, Park H. Bidirectional relation- ship between atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(5):1385-1394.
  64. Davis DMR, Drucker AM, Alikhan A, et al. American Academy of Dermatology guidelines: awareness of comorbidities asso- ciated with atopic dermatitis in adults. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;86(6):1335-1336.e1318.
  65. Akdis CA, Nadeau KC. Human and planetary health on fire. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022;22(11):651-652.
  66. Haines A, Ebi K. The imperative for climate action to protect health. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(3):263-273.
  67. Jutel M, Mosnaim GS, Bernstein JA, et al. The one health approach for allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy. 2023;78(7):1777-1793.
  68. Atwoli L, Baqui A, Benfield T, et al. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e056565.
  69. Dhar S, Kanwar AJ. Epidemiology and clinical pattern of atopic dermatitis in a north Indian pediatric population. Pediatr Dermatol. 1998;15(5):347-351.
  70. Hong SP, Kim MJ, Jung MY, et al. Biopositive effects of low-dose UVB on epidermis: coordinate upregulation of antimicrobial pep- tides and permeability barrier reinforcement. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(12):2880-2887.
  71. Wefers H, Melnik BC, Flur M, Bluhm C, Lehmann P, Plewig G. Influence of UV irradiation on the composition of human stratum corneum lipids. J Invest Dermatol. 1991;96(6):959-962.
  72. Jekler J, Bergbrant IM, Faergemann J, Larko O. The in vivo effect of UVB radiation on skin bacteria in patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992;72(1):33-36.
  73. Silva SH, Guedes AC, Gontijo B, et al. Influence of narrow-band UVB phototherapy on cutaneous microbiota of children with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006;20(9):1114-1120.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wang, S., Stefanovic, N., Orfali, R. L., Aoki, V., Brown, S. J., Dhar, S., Eichenfield, L. F., Flohr, C., Ha, A., Mora, C., Murase, J. E., Rosenbach, M., Srinivas, S. M., Thyssen, J. P., Wei, M. L., Irvine, A. D., & Abuabara, K.
Affiliations
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Trinity College Dublin (IE)
  • Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
  • Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
  • Institute of Genetics and Cancer (GB)
  • Institute of Child Health (IN)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • King's College London (GB)
  • University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
  • Palo Alto Medical Foundation (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health (IN)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Abuabara, Katrina
Venue
Allergy
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2024-01-24
Volume
79
Issue
6
Pages
1455-1469
ISSN
  • 0105-4538 (ISSN-L)
  • 1398-9995
OpenAlex
W4391173877
Cited by
51
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 6
FWCI
2.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Allergy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Defense
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • Pfizer
  • Sanofi
  • Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
  • Incyte
  • Lundbeckfonden
  • H. Lundbeck A/S
  • LEO Pharma
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Keywords
atopic dermatitis, climate change, climate hazards, air pollution, particulate matter, forest fires, drought, food insecurity, migration, greenhouse gas emissions, disease burden, vulnerable populations
MeSH terms
Air Pollution, Dermatitis, Atopic, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Prevalence, Climate Change

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review