Measuring cereblon as a biomarker of response or resistance to lenalidomide and pomalidomide requires use of standardized reagents and understanding of gene complexity
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Summary: Cereblon, a member of the cullin 4 ring ligase complex ( CRL 4), is the molecular target of the immunomodulatory drugs ( IM i D s) lenalidomide and pomalidomide and is required for the antiproliferative activity of these agents in multiple myeloma ( MM ) and immunomodulatory activity in T cells. Cereblon's central role as a target of lenalidomide and pomalidomide suggests potential utility as a predictive biomarker of response or resistance to IM i D therapy. Our studies characterized a cereblon monoclonal antibody CRBN 65, with high sensitivity and specificity in W estern analysis and immunohistochemistry that is superior to commercially available antibodies. We identified multiple cereblon splice variants in both MM cell lines and primary cells, highlighting challenges with conventional gene expression assays given this gene complexity. Using CRBN 65 antibody and T aq M an quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays, we showed lack of correlation between cereblon protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, lack of correlation between cereblon expression in MM cell lines and sensitivity to lenalidomide was shown. In cell lines made resistant to lenalidomide and pomalidomide, cereblon protein is greatly reduced. These studies show limitations to the current approaches of cereblon measurement that rely on commercial reagents and assays. Standardized reagents and validated assays are needed to accurately assess the role of cereblon as a predictive biomarker.
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Targeted mass spectrometry analyses have revealed the importance of competition among both substrates and E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes in determining neosubstrate abundance during thalidomide analogue therapy.
“Such analyses have revealed the importance of competition among both substrates and E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes in determining neosubstrate abundance during thalidomide analogue therapy.”
From Cancer therapies based on targeted protein degradation — lessons learned with lenalidomide (2021) · cites this paper as [159]
CRBN competes with other substrate receptors for access to limiting concentrations of CRL4.
“Beyond substrate competition for CRBN, CRBN itself competes with other substrate receptors for access to limiting concentrations of CRL4159.”
From Cancer therapies based on targeted protein degradation — lessons learned with lenalidomide (2021) · cites this paper as [159]
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- Gandhi AK Lentzsch S Schey SA Calle Y Chelliah R Orlowski RZ Bjorklund C Madan A Waldman M Ning Y Mendy D Lopez-Girona A Schafer P Aukerman L Thakurta A Chopra R Exon mutations in cereblon (CRBN) and DNA damage binding protein 1 (DDB1) genes are rare in myeloma cells and patients Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 2013 13 S182 S183 PMC4017253 24166296
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- Authors
- Gandhi, A. K., Mendy, D., Waldman, M., Chen, G., Rychak, E., Miller, K., Gaidarova, S., Ren, Y., Wang, M., Breider, M., Carmel, G., Mahmoudi, A., Jackson, P., Abbasian, M., Cathers, B. E., Schafer, P. H., Daniel, T. O., Lopez‐Girona, A., Thakurta, A., & Chopra, R.
- Affiliations
- Celgene (United States) (US)
- Celgene Corporation San Diego USA
- Celgene Corporation San Francisco CA USA
- Corresponding author
- Gandhi, Anita K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Haematology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-10-28
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 233-244
- ISSN
- 0007-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2141
- PMC
- PMC4253085
- OpenAlex
- W2076744879
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- British Journal of Haematology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Celgene
- Cancer Research UK (11566)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Keywords
- cereblon, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, immunomodulators, multiple myeloma, predictive biomarkers, lenalidomide resistance, mRNA-protein correlation, assay standardization
- MeSH terms
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibody Specificity, Humans, Multiple Myeloma, Peptide Hydrolases, Thalidomide, Biomarkers, Tumor, Alternative Splicing, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Cell Line, Tumor, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, RNA Isoforms
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