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Cited by 51Hormonal and reproductive studiesHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin are both effective in restoring testosterone in hypogonadism: a short‐course randomized study

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Habous, Mohamad, Giona, Simone, Tealab, Alaa, Aziz, Mohammed, Williamson, Ben, Nassar, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Zeyad, Remeah, Abdallah +3 more·2018·BJU International
DOI 10.1111/bju.14401
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Abstract

Objectives: To compare serum testosterone response and symptom improvement in men with hypogonadism in response to treatment with clomiphene citrate (CC), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), or a combination of both therapies. Patients and Methods: A total of 282 men with hypogonadism, wishing to preserve their fertility, were randomized to one of three treatment arms: CC 50 mg ( n = 95); 5000 IU hCG injections twice weekly ( n = 94); or a combination of both therapies (CC + hCG; n = 94). All participants had complete medical history and had undergone thorough physical examination, including body mass index (BMI) assessment. Laboratory tests included serum total testosterone and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements. Quantitative Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (qADAM) questionnaire scores were also recorded. Morning samples of total serum testosterone levels were assessed at three time points: baseline, 1 and 3 months. Results: Testosterone levels increased at 1 and 3 months in all three groups. The mean baseline testosterone level was 2.31 ± 0.66 nmol/L, BMI was 30.8 ± 6.2 kg/m 2 , and qADAM score was 20.5 ± 3.8. Testosterone levels increased in all groups at all time points, with a final mean value of 5.17 ± 1.77 nmol/L (223% increase) with no statistically significant difference among the groups. qADAM scores had increased in all groups at 1 month (CC group: 6.36; hCG group: 5.08; CC + hCG group: 7.26) and at 3 months (CC group: 12.73; hCG group: 11.82; CC + hCG group: 15.13) with a significant difference in intergroup analysis for the CC + hCG group compared with the other two groups ( P < 0.01). Conclusions: All three treatments were equally effective in restoring testosterone levels. Single‐agent CC is simple, cheap and may be used as treatment for hypogonadism when maintenance of fertility is desired. This approach seems to be as effective as either hCG alone or a combination of hCG and CC.

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Crossref · 10.1111/bju.14401

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  • In 94 men treated with 5000 IU hCG twice per week for 3 months, significant increases in testosterone levels were found.

    “More recently, Habous et al. treated 94 men with 5000 IU of hCG twice per week for 3 months. They similarly found significant increases in testosterone levels with hCG treatment (75).”

    From Non-testosterone management of male hypogonadism: an examination of the existing literature (2020) · cites this paper as [75]

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Authors
Habous, M., Giona, S., Tealab, A., Aziz, M., Williamson, B., Nassar, M., Abdelrahman, Z., Remeah, A., Abdelkader, M., Binsaleh, S., & Muir, G.
Affiliations
  • Urology and Andrology Department Elaj Medical Centres Jeddah Saudi Arabia
  • King's College Hospital (GB)
  • Zagazig University (EG)
  • Menoufia University (EG)
  • University Hospitals Birmingham Birmingham UK
  • King Saud University (SA)
Corresponding author
Habous, Mohamad
ORCID
Venue
BJU International
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-06-14
Volume
122
Issue
5
Pages
889-897
ISSN
  • 1464-4096 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-410X
DOI
10.1111/bju.14401
OpenAlex
W2803124688
Cited by
51
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4
FWCI
2.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • British Journal of Urology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Greater South Information System
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords
male hypogonadism, clomiphene citrate, human chorionic gonadotropin, testosterone replacement therapy, fertility preservation, combination therapy, HbA1c
MeSH terms
Administration, Oral, Adult, Clomiphene, Estrogen Antagonists, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Humans, Hypogonadism, Infertility, Male, Injections, Subcutaneous, Male, Middle Aged, Testosterone

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