Efficacy of a virtual assistance‐based lifestyle intervention in reducing risk factors for Type 2 diabetes in young employees in the information technology industry in India: LIMIT, a randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Aims To investigate a virtual assistance-based lifestyle intervention to reduce risk factors for Type 2 diabetes in young employees in the information technology industry in India. Methods LIMIT (Lifestyle Modification in Information Technology) was a parallel-group, partially blinded, randomized controlled trial. Employees in the information technology industry with ≥3 risk factors (family history of cardiometabolic disease, overweight/obesity, high blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, hypertriglyceridaemia, high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol) from two industries were randomized to a control or an intervention (1:1) group. After initial lifestyle advice, the intervention group additionally received reinforcement through mobile phone messages (three per week) and e-mails (two per week) for 1 year. The primary outcome was change in prevalence of overweight/obesity, analysed by intention to treat. Results Of 437 employees screened (mean age 36.2 ± 9.3 years; 74.8% men), 265 (61.0%) were eligible and randomized into control (n=132) or intervention (n=133) group. After 1 year, the prevalence of overweight/obesity reduced by 6.0% in the intervention group and increased by 6.8% in the control group (risk difference 11.2%; 95% CI 1.2-21.1; P=0.042). There were also significant improvements in lifestyle measurements, waist circumference, and total and LDL cholesterol in the intervention group. The number-needed-to-treat to prevent one case of overweight/obesity in 1 ye…
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Limaye et al reported PPC health care costs: the incremental cost of the DHI was GBP 35.8 (USD 47.5) per participant compared to GBP 23.3 (USD 30.9) per participant in the control group.
“The incremental cost of the DHI was GBP 35.8 (USD 47.5) per participant compared to GBP 23.3 (USD 30.9) per participant in the control group [38].”
From Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Limaye et al reported the effects of DCP on health care costs with negative results.
“Limaye et al [38] reported the effects of DCP on health care costs, with negative results.”
From Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
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Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Trials, mostly targeting middle-aged adults with impaired glycaemic status, have shown that intensive lifestyle modi-fication can reduce conversion from prediabetes to Type 2 diabetes by almost 50% [1,2]; however, these trials were expensive and labour intensive [3,4].”
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Van Rhoon, L., Byrne, M., Morrissey, E., Murphy, J., & McSharry, J. (2020) · DIGITAL HEALTH · doi:10.1177/2055207620914427 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
The Challenges in the Development of Diabetes Prevention and Care Models in Low-Income Settings
Karachaliou, F., Simatos, G., & Simatou, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00518 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Brandt, C. J., Christensen, J. R., Lauridsen, J. T., Nielsen, J. B., Søndergaard, J., & Sortsø, C. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/19172 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review
Duong, T., Olsen, Q., Menon, A., Woods, L., Wang, W., Varnfield, M., Jiang, L., & Sullivan, C. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/67507 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Limaye, T., Kumaran, K., Joglekar, C., Bhat, D., Kulkarni, R., Nanivadekar, A., & Yajnik, C.
- Affiliations
- King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre (IN)
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (GB)
- Just for Hearts Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. Pune India
- Medical Research Consultant Mumbai India
- Corresponding author
- Yajnik, C.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-10-06
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 563-568
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- OpenAlex
- W2518191713
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 6.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune
- Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi (DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2010/(92))
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes prevention, lifestyle intervention, virtual assistance, text messaging, overweight and obesity, young workers, IT industry, cardiometabolic risk factors, waist circumference, LDL cholesterol, cost-effectiveness, treatment acceptability, workplace health promotion
- MeSH terms
- Information Technology, Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Hypertension, India, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Obesity, Reinforcement, Psychology, User-Computer Interface, Hypertriglyceridemia, Occupational Health, Glucose Intolerance, Electronic Mail, Risk Reduction Behavior, Cell Phone, Dyslipidemias, Overweight, Text Messaging
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