Empagliflozin improves glycaemic and weight control as add‐on therapy to pioglitazone or pioglitazone plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Abstract

Aims: This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of empagliflozin as add‐on to pioglitazone ± metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ). Methods: Patients with HbA1c ≥7 and ≤10% were randomized and treated with once daily empagliflozin 10 mg (n = 165), empagliflozin 25 mg (n = 168) or placebo (n = 165) as add‐on to pioglitazone ± metformin for 24 weeks. Endpoints included changes from baseline in HbA1c (primary endpoint), fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) and body weight at week 24. Results: Adjusted mean ± standard error changes in HbA1c were −0.6 ± 0.07% and −0.7 ± 0.07% with empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg, respectively, vs. −0.1 ± 0.07% with placebo (both p < 0.001). More patients with HbA1c ≥7% at baseline achieved HbA1c <7% with empagliflozin 10 mg (23.8%) and 25 mg (30.0%) vs. placebo (7.7%) (both p < 0.001). FPG decreased with empagliflozin (−0.94 mmol/l for 10 mg and −1.22 mmol/l for 25 mg) and increased with placebo (+0.36 mmol/l; both p < 0.001). Adjusted mean ± standard error changes in weight were −1.62 ± 0.21 kg and −1.47 ± 0.21 kg with empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg, respectively, vs. +0.34 ± 0.21 kg with placebo (both p < 0.001). Similar proportions of patients reported adverse events with empagliflozin (67.3–71.4%) and placebo (72.7%). Confirmed hypoglycaemia was reported by 1.2–2.4% of patients on empagliflozin and 1.8% on placebo. Conclusion: Empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg once daily for 24 weeks as add‐on to pioglitazone ± metformin reduced HbA1c , FPG and weight and were well tolerated in patients with T2DM .