Cited by 637Gut microbiota and healthEpigenetics and DNA MethylationTryptophan and brain disorders

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Microbial genes, brain & behaviour – epigenetic regulation of the gut–brain axis

Stilling, R. M., Dinan, T. G., Cryan, J. F.·2014·Genes, Brain and Behavior

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Abstract

To date, there is rapidly increasing evidence for host-microbe interaction at virtually all levels of complexity, ranging from direct cell-to-cell communication to extensive systemic signalling, and involving various organs and organ systems, including the central nervous system. As such, the discovery that differential microbial composition is associated with alterations in behaviour and cognition has significantly contributed to establishing the microbiota-gut-brain axis as an extension of the well-accepted gut-brain axis concept. Many efforts have been focused on delineating a role for this axis in health and disease, ranging from stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. There is also a growing appreciation of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in shaping brain and behaviour. However, the role of epigenetics in informing host-microbe interactions has received little attention to date. This is despite the fact that there are many plausible routes of interaction between epigenetic mechanisms and the host-microbiota dialogue. From this new perspective we put forward novel, yet testable, hypotheses. Firstly, we suggest that gut-microbial products can affect chromatin plasticity within their host's brain that in turn leads to changes in neuronal transcription and eventually alters host behaviour. Secondly, we argue that the microbiota is an important mediator of gene-environment interactions. Finally, we reason that the microbiota itself may be viewed as an epigenetic entity. In conclusion, the fields of (neuro)epigenetics and microbiology are converging at many levels and more interdisciplinary studies are necessary to unravel the full range of this interaction.

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Authors: Stilling, R. M., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F.
Affiliations: APC Microbiome Institute (IE)
University College Cork (IE)
Corresponding author: Cryan, J. F.
ORCID: Stilling, R. M.
Dinan, T. G.
Cryan, J. F.
Venue: Genes, Brain and Behavior
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-12-27
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 69-86
ISSN: 1601-183X (ISSN-L)
1601-1848
DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12109
OpenAlex: W1490861410
Cited by: 637
References: 191
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 25
FWCI: 3.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Genes Brain & Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: microbiota-gut-brain axis, gut-brain axis, epigenetics, host-microbe interactions, chromatin plasticity, gene-environment interaction, depression, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, neurodevelopmental disorders, microbial metabolites, behavior
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Genes, Bacterial, Humans, Intestines, Stress, Psychological, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, Epigenesis, Genetic, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Gene-Environment Interaction, Microbiota

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Microbial genes, brain & behaviour – epigenetic regulation of the gut–brain axis

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