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The way forward in biochar research: targeting trade‐offs between the potential wins
Open accessAbstract
Biochar application to soil is currently widely advocated for a variety of reasons related to sustainability. Typically, soil amelioration with biochar is presented as a multiple‐‘win’ strategy, although it is also associated with potential risks such as environmental contamination. The most often claimed benefits of biochar (i.e. the ‘wins’) include (i) carbon sequestration; (ii) soil fertility enhancement; (iii) biofuel/bioenergy production; (iv) pollutant immobilization; and (v) waste disposal. However, the vast majority of studies ignore possible trade‐offs between them. For example, there is an obvious trade‐off between maximizing biofuel production and maximizing biochar production. Also, relatively little attention has been paid to mechanisms, as opposed to systems impacts, behind observed biochar effects, often leaving open the question as to whether they reflect truly unique properties of biochar as opposed to being simply the short‐term consequences of a fertilization or liming effect. Here, we provide an outline for the future of soil biochar research. We first identify possible trade‐offs between the potential benefits. Second, to be able to better understand and quantify these trade‐offs, we propose guidelines for robust experimental design and selection of appropriate controls that allow both mechanistic and systems assessment of biochar effects and trade‐offs between the wins. Third, we offer a conceptual framework to guide future experiments and suggest guidelines for the standardized reporting of biochar experiments to allow effective between‐site comparisons to quantify trade‐offs. Such a mechanistic and systems framework is required to allow effective comparisons between experiments, across scales and locations, to guide policy and recommendations concerning biochar application to soil.
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“Conversion of forest residues to biochar in the pellet form also helps to capture carbon from the environment and store it in the soil, thus reducing CO 2 in the atmosphere, in addition to increasing soil productivity and enhancing soil carbon [2,10].”
From Lifecycle Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Biochar Pellet Production from Forest Residues and Field Application (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jeffery, S., Bezemer, T. M., Cornelissen, G., Kuyper, T. W., Lehmann, J., Mommer, L., Sohi, S. P., van de Voorde, T. F. J., Wardle, D. A., & van Groenigen, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) PO Box 50 Wageningen 6700 AB The Netherlands
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NO)
- Cornell University (US)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Jeffery, Simon
- ORCID
- Venue
- GCB Bioenergy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-12-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 1757-1693 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-1707
- OpenAlex
- W2134207910
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 21
- FWCI
- 35.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- GCB Bioenergy (publishedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (publishedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Graduate School Production Ecology and Resource Conservation (PE&RC 12043)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Keywords
- biochar, soil amendment, trade-offs, carbon sequestration, soil fertility, biofuel production, contaminant immobilization, waste disposal, experimental design, standardized reporting, soil contamination
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