Respiratory syncytial virus disease burden in adults aged 60 years and older in high‐income countries: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐associated acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an underrecognized cause of illness in older adults. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to estimate the RSV disease burden in adults ≥60 years in high‐income countries. Methods: Data on RSV‐ARI and hospitalization attack rates and in‐hospital case fatality rates (hCFR) in adults ≥60 years from the United States, Canada, European countries, Japan, and South Korea were collected based on a systematic literature search (January 1, 2000–November 3, 2021) or via other methods (citation search, unpublished studies cited by a previous meta‐analysis, gray literature, and an RSV‐specific abstract booklet). A random effects meta‐analysis was performed on estimates from the included studies. Results: Twenty‐one studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled estimates were 1.62% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–3.08) for RSV‐ARI attack rate, 0.15% (95% CI: 0.09–0.22) for hospitalization attack rate, and 7.13% (95% CI: 5.40–9.36) for hCFR. In 2019, this would translate into approximately 5.2 million cases, 470,000 hospitalizations, and 33,000 in‐hospital deaths in ≥60‐year‐old adults in high‐income countries. Conclusions: RSV disease burden in adults aged ≥60 years in high‐income countries is higher than previously estimated, highlighting the need for RSV prophylaxis in this age group.