The national cost of hospital-acquired pressure injuries in the United States.
Open accessAbstract
Our objective was to estimate the US national cost burden of hospital‐acquired pressure injury (HAPI) using economic simulation methods. We created a Markov simulation to estimate costs for staged pressure injuries acquired during hospitalisation from the hospital perspective. The model analysed outcomes of hospitalised adults with acute illness in 1‐day cycles until all patients were terminated at the point of discharge or death. Simulations that developed a staged pressure injury after 4 days could advance from Stages 1 to 4 and accrue additional costs for Stages 3 and 4. We measured costs in 2016 US dollars representing the total cost of acute care attributable to HAPI incidence at the patient level and for the entire United States based on the previously reported epidemiology of pressure injury. US HAPI costs could exceed $26.8 billion. About 59% of these costs are disproportionately attributable to a small rate of Stages 3 and 4 full‐thickness wounds, which occupy clinician time and hospital resources. HAPIs remain a concern with regard to hospital quality in addition to being a major source of economic burden on the US health care system. Hospitals should invest more in quality improvement of early detection and care for pressure injury to avoid higher costs.
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- Authors
- Padula, W. V., & Delarmente, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Padula, William V.
- Venue
- International Wound Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-01-28
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 634-640
- ISSN
- 1742-4801 (ISSN-L)
- 1742-481X
- PMC
- PMC7948545
- OpenAlex
- W2913345157
- Cited by
- 631
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 91 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 101.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Wound Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- hospital-acquired pressure injuries, economic burden, Markov model, full-thickness wounds, hospital costs, acute care, pressure ulcer prevention, hospital quality
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Pressure Ulcer, Female, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Health Care Costs
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