Cited by 41Burn Injury Management and OutcomesDermatologic Treatments and ResearchMusic Therapy and Health

RETRACTED: Effects of breathing exercise techniques on the pain and anxiety of burn patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Open access
Miri, Sahar, Hosseini, Seyed Javad, Takasi, Poorya, Mollaei, Amirabbas, Firooz, Mahbobeh, Falakdami, Atefeh, Osuji, Joseph, Ghorbani Vajargah, Pooyan +1 more·2023·International Wound Journal

Abstract

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to summarise the effect of breathing exercise techniques (BET) on the pain and anxiety of burn patients during burn care. A systematic search was performed on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database (SID) with keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as ‘Burns’, ‘Bandages’, ‘Pain’, ‘Pain management’, ‘Anxiety’, ‘Breathing’, and ‘Breathing exercise’, which were performed from the earliest to 4 April 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist assessed the quality of randomised control trials (RCTs) and quasi‐experimental studies. The current meta‐analysis was performed using STATA V.14.0 software. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine significance levels. Random effect model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD). A total of 469 burn patients participated in 10 studies. Exactly 58.60% of burn patients were male, and the number of people in the intervention and control groups was equal. The mean age of burn patients was 32.84 (SD = 10.39). Exactly 78.05% of patients had second‐degree burns. The mean study duration was 19 weeks. Results of analysis of RCT studies showed BET decreased insignificantly pain severity (WMD: −1.17, 95%CI: −2.54 to 0.21, Z = 1.66, P = .096, I2:97.1%) in the intervention group than control group. However, the results of non‐RCTs studies indicated BET significantly decreased pain (WMD: −1.38, 95%CI: −2.16 to −0.61, Z = 3.49, P < .001, I2:88.4%) and anxiety (WMD: −4.91, 95%CI: −9.35 to −0.47, Z = 2.71, P = .03 0.001, I2:88.4%) in the intervention group than control group. Overall, the results of RCTs found BET intervention decreased pain in the intervention group when compared with the control group; however, it was statistically insignificant. Also, results of non‐RCT studies showed intervention of BET significantly decreased pain and anxiety in burns patients. More RCTs studies are required for better judgement of the effectiveness of BET intervention in clinical settings.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/iwj.14057This paper is marked retracted.

Cites

54 of 54 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Existing literature confirms widespread benefits of slow breathing practices for stress/anxiety reduction, but null or negative results are reported in some studies.

    “Although existing literature confirms the widespread benefits of slow breathing practices for stress/anxiety reduction [23,24,25,35,36,37,38], null or negative results are reported in some studies [39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50].”

    From Breathing Practices for Stress and Anxiety Reduction: Conceptual Framework of Implementation Guidelines Based on a Systematic Review of the Published Literature (2023) · cites this paper as [37]

    The Results section reports that breathing exercises, including deep, slow breathing, reduced anxiety in burn patients; the Discussion likewise concludes that breathing techniques reduced anxiety during burn care (page unavailable). This supports the benefit cited in the first part of the sentence, but not a widespread stress-reduction benefit across populations. The null-or-negative-results clause has a separate set of citations and is not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 57 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [47]Haghdoost Z, Mobayen M, Omidi S. Predicting hope to be alive using spiritual experiences in burn patients. Ann Roman Soc Cell Biol. 2021; 25(4): 18957‐ 18962.
  2. [56]Aghili SM, Afzali S. The effect of yoga yoga breathing exercises on chronic low pain, anxiety, psychological and physical well‐being of women with MS. Q J Health Psychol. 2017; 5(20): 109‐ 124.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Miri, S., Hosseini, S. J., Takasi, P., Mollaei, A., Firooz, M., Falakdami, A., Osuji, J., Ghorbani Vajargah, P., & Karkhah, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Guilan (IR)
  • Department of Nursing Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences Esfarayen Iran
  • Guilan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Golestan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Mount Royal University (CA)
  • Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
Corresponding author
Karkhah, Samad
Venue
International Wound Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-12-20
Volume
20
Issue
6
Pages
2360-2375
ISSN
  • 1742-4801 (ISSN-L)
  • 1742-481X
OpenAlex
W4312065504
Cited by
41
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 1
FWCI
1.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Status
Retracted
Open access
Locations
  • International Wound Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Burn Injury Management and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
Keywords
burn patients, pain, anxiety, pain management, burn treatment, retracted article, non-randomized studies, quality of evidence, anxiety reduction, non-pharmacological treatment, second-degree burns, nursing interventions, patient education, patient satisfaction, patient safety
MeSH terms
Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Pain, Exercise, Pain Management

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review