Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 342

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Shared Frailty Models for Recurrent Events and a Terminal Event

Open access
Liu, Lei, Wolfe, Robert A., Huang, Xuelin·2004·Biometrics

Abstract

Summary There has been an increasing interest in the analysis of recurrent event data (Cook and Lawless, 2002,Statistical Methods in Medical Research11,141–166). In many situations, a terminating event such as death can happen during the follow‐up period to preclude further occurrence of the recurrent events. Furthermore, the death time may be dependent on the recurrent event history. In this article we consider frailty proportional hazards models for the recurrent and terminal event processes. The dependence is modeled by conditioning on a shared frailty that is included in both hazard functions. Covariate effects can be taken into account in the model as well. Maximum likelihood estimation and inference are carried out through a Monte Carlo EM algorithm with Metropolis–Hastings sampler in the E‐step. An analysis of hospitalization and death data for waitlisted dialysis patients is presented to illustrate the proposed methods. Methods to check the validity of the proposed model are also demonstrated. This model avoids the difficulties encountered in alternative approaches which attempt to specify a dependent joint distribution with marginal proportional hazards and yields an estimate of the degree of dependence.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.0006-341x.2004.00225.x

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 26 references

Cited by

See all 342

Metadata

Authors
Liu, L., Wolfe, R. A., & Huang, X.
Venue
Biometrics
Published
2004-08-27
Volume
60
Issue
3
Pages
747-756
ISSN
  • 0006-341X (ISSN-L)
  • 1541-0420
OpenAlex
W1964313277
Cited by
342
References
26
FWCI
5.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Shared Frailty Models for Recurrent Events and a Terminal Event. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.0006-341x.2004.00225.x
The paper
Liu, L., Wolfe, R. A., & Huang, X. (2004). Shared Frailty Models for Recurrent Events and a Terminal Event. Biometrics. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341x.2004.00225.x

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.