ISOLATION BY RESISTANCE
Abstract
Despite growing interest in the effects of landscape heterogeneity on genetic structuring, few tools are available to incorporate data on landscape composition into population genetic studies. Analyses of isolation by distance have typically either assumed spatial homogeneity for convenience or applied theoretically unjustified distance metrics to compensate for heterogeneity. Here I propose the isolation-by-resistance (IBR) model as an alternative for predicting equilibrium genetic structuring in complex landscapes. The model predicts a positive relationship between genetic differentiation and the resistance distance, a distance metric that exploits precise relationships between random walk times and effective resistances in electronic networks. As a predictor of genetic differentiation, the resistance distance is both more theoretically justified and more robust to spatial heterogeneity than Euclidean or least cost path-based distance measures. Moreover, the metric can be applied with a wide range of data inputs, including coarse-scale range maps, simple maps of habitat and nonhabitat within a species' range, or complex spatial datasets with habitats and barriers of differing qualities. The IBR model thus provides a flexible and efficient tool to account for habitat heterogeneity in studies of isolation by distance, improve understanding of how landscape characteristics affect genetic structuring, and predict genetic and evolutionary consequences of landscape change.
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- Authors
- McRae, B. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Corresponding author
- McRae, Brad H.
- Venue
- Evolution
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1551-1561
- ISSN
- 0014-3820 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-5646
- OpenAlex
- W4295978838
- Cited by
- 1,081
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Evolution (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Keywords
- isolation by resistance, resistance distance, isolation by distance, genetic differentiation, landscape heterogeneity, habitat heterogeneity, random walks, effective resistance, landscape genetics, population structure, habitat barriers, range map
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