The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impaired Sphingomyelinase Activity and Epidermal Differentiation in Atopic Dermatitis
Open accessAbstract
A defective permeability barrier leads to the penetration of environmental allergens into the skin and initiates immunological reactions and inflammation crucially involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Decreased stratum corneum ceramide content may cause the defect in permeability barrier function consistently found in AD. Acid and neutral sphingomyelinase (A- and N-SMase) generate ceramides with structural and signal transduction functions in epidermal proliferation and differentiation. We determined epidermal SMase activities, DNA synthesis, involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin, and keratin expression in lesional and non-lesional skin of AD patients. We found decreased epidermal A-SMase activity in lesional and non-lesional skin, correlating with reduced stratum corneum ceramide content and disturbed barrier function. N-SMase activity was reduced in non-lesional skin and more significantly reduced in lesional skin, correlating with impaired expression of cornified envelope proteins and keratins, important for skin barrier function. Changes in involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin, keratin K 5 (basal) and K 16 (proliferation associated) were noticed in non-lesional and lesional skin, whereas changes in K 10 (suprabasal), K 6 (proliferation associated), and K 17 (inflammation associated) were found only in lesional skin. In summary, reduction in SMase-generating ceramides and impaired differentiation are involved in the defective barrier function found in AD.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Atopic dry skin is associated with a marked reduction of skin barrier proteins, such as filaggrin (FLG) and loricrin (LOR).”
From Antioxidant Artemisia princeps Extract Enhances the Expression of Filaggrin and Loricrin via the AHR/OVOL1 Pathway (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Skin inflammation decreases FLG and LOR expression and disrupts epidermal barrier function; moreover, in the opposite direction, barrier dysfunction augments skin inflammation [12,13,26].”
From Antioxidant Artemisia princeps Extract Enhances the Expression of Filaggrin and Loricrin via the AHR/OVOL1 Pathway (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bradford, M. M. (1976) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3 · Cited by 255,302
Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis
Hanifin, J. M., & Rajka, G. (1980) · Acta Dermato-Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555924447 · Cited by 5,086
Pinnagoda, J., Tupkek, R. A., Agner, T., & Serup, J. (1990) · Contact Dermatitis · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01553.x · Cited by 1,092
Changes in keratin gene expression during terminal differentiation of the keratinocyte
Fuchs, E. V., & Green, H. (1980) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(80)90094-x · Cited by 1,085
Imokawa, G., Abe, A., Jin, K., Higaki, Y., Kawashima, M., & Hidano, A. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470233 · Cited by 1,040
Functional dichotomy of neutral and acidic sphingomyelinases in tumor necrosis factor signaling
Wiegmann, K., Schütze, S., Machleidt, T., Witte, D., & Krönke, M. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90275-5 · Cited by 714
Self-citationStructural and Lipid Biochemical Correlates of the Epidermal Permeability Barrier
Elias, P. M., & Menon, G. K. (1991) · Advances in lipid research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-024924-4.50005-5 · Cited by 677
Ceramide and cholesterol composition of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis
Nardo, A. D. (1998) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.1080/00015559850135788 · Cited by 483
Cutaneous barrier perturbation stimulates cytokine production in the epidermis of mice.
Wood, L. C., Jackson, S. M., Elias, P. M., Grünfeld, C., & Feingold, K. R. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115884 · Cited by 454
Identification of a major keratinocyte cell envelope protein, loricrin
Mehrel, T., Hohl, D., Rothnagel, J. A., Longley, M. A., Bundman, D. S., Cheng, C., Lichti, U. F., Bisher, M. E., Steven, A. C., Steinert, P. M., et al. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90073-n · Cited by 436
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Barth, 1989, Skin surface lipids in atopic eczema and ichthyosis, Chron Derm, 10, 609
- Jakobza, 1981, Surface skin lipids in atopic dermatitis, Dermatol Monatsschr, 167, 26
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–308 of 308
Role of the Permeability Barrier in Contact Dermatitis
Proksch, E., & Brasch, J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_6-1
Self-citationRole of the Permeability Barrier in Contact Dermatitis
Proksch, E., & Brasch, J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_6
Self-citationImmunology and Barrier Function of the Skin
Rustemeyer, T., & Fartasch, M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_1-2
Raza, A., Naseem, M. N., Kamran, M., Nouwens, A. S., Juli, S. B. M., Constantinoiu, C. C., Tabor, A. E., Schulz, B. L., & James, P. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-30396-5
真志, 秋. (2014) · 日本香粧品学会誌 · doi:10.11469/koshohin.38.22
Molecular and cellular mechanisms driving allergic skin sensitization and the atopic march
Segaud, J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8d7e179azb19cz4d43z8d3bzc40aee9279af
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors and the Epidermal Barrier in Atopic Dermatitis
Fluhr, J. W., Bräutigam, M. M., & Proksch, E. (2026) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000552559
Self-citationInhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Epidermis
Sully, K. (2012)
Metadata
- Authors
- Jensen, J.-M., Fölster-Holst, R., Baranowsky, A., Schunck, M., Winoto-Morbach, S., Neumann, C., Schütze, S., & Proksch, E.
- Affiliations
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Proksch, Ehrhardt
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1423-1431
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077796802
- Cited by
- 309
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 15.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 415)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- atopic dermatitis, sphingomyelinase, acid sphingomyelinase, neutral sphingomyelinase, ceramide, stratum corneum, skin barrier function, epidermal differentiation, involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin, keratin, DNA synthesis, lesional skin
- MeSH terms
- Filaggrin Proteins, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Ceramides, Dermatitis, Atopic, Epidermis, Female, Humans, Intermediate Filament Proteins, Keratins, Male, Membrane Proteins, Protein Precursors, Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase, Substrate Specificity, Water, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
