The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Structure of Emotion: Evidence From Neuroimaging Studies
Abstract
One common point of debate in the study of emotion is whether the basic, irreducible elements of emotional life are discrete emotion categories, such as anger, fear, sadness, and so on, or dimensions such as approach and avoidance. Resolving this debate will identify the basic building blocks of emotional life that are the most appropriate targets of scientific inquiry. In this paper, we briefly review meta-analytic work on the neuroimaging of emotion and examine its potential for identifying “natural kinds” of emotion in the brain. We outline criteria for identifying such natural kinds, summarize the evidence to date on category and dimensional approaches, and suggest ways in which neuroimaging studies could more directly address fundamental questions about the nature of emotion.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As mentioned above, the insula is a key node for creating an interoceptive inference based on the convergence of exteroceptive and interoceptive sensory information from the environment (Wiens, 2005; Barrett and Wager, 2006; Etkin and Wager, 2007; Menon, 2011) and is thought to make an interoceptive inference based on sensory information that is received (see Figure 7).”
From How Processing of Sensory Information From the Internal and External Worlds Shape the Perception and Engagement With the World in the Aftermath of Trauma: Implications for PTSD (2021) · cites this paper as Barrett and Wager, 2006
Citations
Cites
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions
Panksepp, J. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195096736.001.0001 · Cited by 4,428
(1998) · Cited by 4,012
Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI
Phan, K. L., Wager, T., Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1087 · Cited by 3,502
Self-citationRussell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.805 · Cited by 3,355
Self-citationUniversals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion.
Ekman, P. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,273
Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex
Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.377 · Cited by 2,205
Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1969.
Schwartz, S. H., Arnold, W. J., & Levine, D. I. (1971) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093748 · Cited by 2,185
KRINGELBACH, M. (2004) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.006 · Cited by 1,977
Barrett, L. F. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00003.x · Cited by 1,859
Self-citationSolving the Emotion Paradox: Categorization and the Experience of Emotion
Barrett, L. F. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_2 · Cited by 1,823
Self-citationA mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage
Adolphs, R., Gosselin, F., Buchanan, T. W., Tranel, D., Schyns, P., & Damasio, A. R. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03086 · Cited by 1,331 · cited 2×
“, eye gaze; Adams, Gordon, Baird, Ambady, & Kleck, 2003) modulate whether or not viewing facial caricatures of fear elicits amygdala activation, and even those with amygdala damage can correctly identify those caricatures when attention is directed toward the eyes of the stimulus caricature (Adolphs et al., 2005).”
BackgroundToward a consensual structure of mood
Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.98.2.219 · Cited by 1,170
Wager, T. D., Phan, K. L., Liberzon, I., & Taylor, S. F. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00078-8 · Cited by 1,150
Self-citationFunctional neuroanatomy of emotions: A meta-analysis
MURPHY, F. C., NIMMO-SMITH, I., & LAWRENCE, A. D. (2003) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.3.3.207 · Cited by 1,135
Effects of Gaze on Amygdala Sensitivity to Anger and Fear Faces
Adams, R. B., Gordon, H. L., Baird, A. A., Ambady, N., & Kleck, R. E. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1082244 · Cited by 444
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Etkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504 · Cited by 3,391
Self-citationAutonomic nervous system activity in emotion: a review
Kreibig, S. D. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010 · Cited by 3,188
The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review
Lindquist, K. A., Wager, T. D., Kober, H., Bliss-Moreau, E., & Barrett, L. F. (2012) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x11000446 · Cited by 2,320
Self-citationOn the relationship between emotion and cognition
Pessoa, L. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2317 · Cited by 2,350
Mauss, I. B., & Robinson, M. D. (2009) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802204677 · Cited by 2,078
Metadata
- Authors
- Barrett, L. F., & Wager, T. D.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barrett, Lisa Feldman
- Venue
- Current Directions in Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 79-83
- ISSN
- 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8721
- OpenAlex
- W2130409243
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Directions in Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- emotion structure, basic emotions, neuroimaging of emotion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
