The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Too Much of a Good Thing? The Relationship Between Number of Friends and Interpersonal Impressions on Facebook
Open accessAbstract
A central feature of the online social networking system, Facebook, is the connection to and links among friends. The sum of the number of one’s friends is a feature displayed on users’ profiles as a vestige of the friend connections a user has accrued. In contrast to offline social networks, individuals in online network systems frequently accrue friends numbering several hundred. The uncertain meaning of friend status in these systems raises questions about whether and how sociometric popularity conveys attractiveness in non-traditional, non-linear ways. An experiment examined the relationship between the number of friends a Facebook profile featured and observers’ ratings of attractiveness and extraversion. A curvilinear effect of sociometric popularity and social attractiveness emerged, as did a quartic relationship between friend count and perceived extraversion. These results suggest that an overabundance of friend connections raises doubts about Facebook users’ popularity and desirability.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Facial gestures and physical traits also influence impressions [40], as do characteristics of the trustor [41], comments posted by friends, and personality traits of the trustee [42,43], which were not examined here.”
From Effects of Mock Facebook Workday Comments on Public Perception of Professional Credibility: A Field Study in Canada (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Academic research to date has focused primarily on the aspects of friending (Boyd and Ellison, 2008;Tong et al., 2008;Liu, 2008;Boyd, 2007) and identity management (Boyd and Ellison, 2008;Doster, 2008;Fraser and Dutta, 2008;Boyd, 2007), and these elements were also identified in this study as gratifications.”
From Young people's use of online social networking sites – a uses and gratifications perspective (2010) · cites this paper as Tong et al., 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · Cited by 28,810
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1975) · Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1834-0_8 · Cited by 22,650
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x · Cited by 9,939
Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033731 · Cited by 3,865
Interpersonal Effects in Computer-Mediated Interaction
Walther, J. B. (1992) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365092019001003 · Cited by 2,664
Self-citationMaxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review
Langlois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.390 · Cited by 2,429 · cited 2×
“…et al.'s (2000) metaanalyses revealed that although differences in evaluation were stronger for children than adults, when compared ''with other effect sizes in the social sciences,'' the effect sizes obtained by Langlois et al. (2000) were still ''uncommonly large'' for both groups (p. 400).”
BackgroundResultCoevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans
Dunbar, R. (1993) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00032325 · Cited by 2,370
Information revelation and privacy in online social networks
Gross, R., & Acquisti, A. (2005) · Proceedings of the 2005 ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society · doi:10.1145/1102199.1102214 · Cited by 2,028
Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109 · Cited by 1,875
Donath, J., & Boyd, D. (2004) · BT Technology Journal · doi:10.1023/b:bttj.0000047585.06264.cc · Cited by 1,399
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Comscore . (2007, July 31). Social networking goes global. Retrieved Aug 2, 2007 from http://www.comscore.com/press/release.asp?press=1555
- boyd, d . (2007, May). Error: You must be someone’s friend to comment on them. Paper presented at the annual conference of International Communication Association, San Francisco.
- Levy, 200720, Facebook grows up, Newsweek, 41
- Parks, 2007, Personal networks and personal relationships
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–724 of 724
The Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal Relationships: A Sociological Study
Chirag (2024) · Universal Research Reports · doi:10.36676/urr.v11.i5.1443
Guadagno, R. E. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811320-2.00003-4
The Two-Step Flow Theory in the Digital Age (2005–2025): An Analytical Literature ReviewPreprint
Almakaty, S. S. (2025) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202505.0192.v1
López-Morales, J., Rodríguez, M. A. F., Arias, R. G., & Avilés, N. R. (2025) · Cuadernos de Trabajo Social · doi:10.5209/cuts.97077
Brunori, M., & Pediconi, M. G. (2025) · RICERCA PSICOANALITICA · doi:10.4081/rp.2025.945
Netmodern : interventions in digital sociology
Brauer, C. (2011) · Goldsmiths (University of London)
Huang, Z., Duan, C., Yang, Y., & Khanal, R. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20374651
The Personalization-Privacy Paradox in the Attention Economy
Cloarec, J. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3fbb380bz8c98z4ab5z8c08z6d70e5703e1e
#OpenToWork: How Identification in Layoff Announcements on Social Media Shapes Perceived Hireability
Millender, L., & Endacott, C. G. (2026) · Western Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/10570314.2026.2686596
PARTNER SATISFACTION AND GENDER: A STUDY AMONG MARRIED COUPLES USING SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
Anusuah., R. (2026) · ShodhKosh Journal of Visual and Performing Arts · doi:10.29121/shodhkosh.v6.i1.2025.8893
AI Chatbots Versus Human Agents for Customer Service: A Social Belonging Perspective
Wu, L., Zhang, C., & Tian, K. (2026) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.70231
Lam, J. M. S. (2010) · RIT Scholar Works (Rochester Institute of Technology)
Elton, J. (2014) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)
Christodoulou, V. (2012) · UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)
What Drives Sharing and Receiving Usage in Social Network Sites?
Ernst, C.-P. H. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-09918-3_6
Exploring the self-presentations of Indian IT professionals on social media
Gonibeed, A. (2015) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)
A Study on Social Media Networks : Impact of Intrinsic Motivators and Demographic Factors
Miah, K., & Bhattacharjee, A. (2011) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Metadata
- Authors
- Tong, S. T., Van Der Heide, B., Langwell, L., & Walther, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 531-549
- ISSN
- 1083-6101 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2151274814
- Cited by
- 732
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 134.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media and Digital Communication
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- Facebook, sociometric popularity, perceived attractiveness, online social networking, social impressions, curvilinear effects
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review