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An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III

THE ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP·2009·Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

Abstract

A revised and updated classification for the families of flowering plants is provided. Many recent studies have yielded increasingly detailed evidence for the positions of formerly unplaced families, resulting in a number of newly adopted orders, including Amborellales, Berberidopsidales, Bruniales, Buxales, Chloranthales, Escalloniales, Huerteales, Nymphaeales, Paracryphiales, Petrosaviales, Picramniales, Trochodendrales, Vitales and Zygophyllales. A number of previously unplaced genera and families are included here in orders, greatly reducing the number of unplaced taxa; these include Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales), Haptanthaceae (Buxales), Peridiscaceae (Saxifragales), Huaceae (Oxalidales), Centroplacaceae and Rafflesiaceae (both Malpighiales), Aphloiaceae, Geissolomataceae and Strasburgeriaceae (all Crossosomatales), Picramniaceae (Picramniales), Dipentodontaceae and Gerrardinaceae (both Huerteales), Cytinaceae (Malvales), Balanophoraceae (Santalales), Mitrastemonaceae (Ericales) and Boraginaceae (now at least known to be a member of lamiid clade). Newly segregated families for genera previously understood to be in other APG-recognized families include Petermanniaceae (Liliales), Calophyllaceae (Malpighiales), Capparaceae and Cleomaceae (both Brassicales), Schoepfiaceae (Santalales), Anacampserotaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae (all Caryophyllales) and Linderniaceae and Thomandersiaceae (both Lamiales). Use of bracketed families is abandoned because of its unpopularity, and in most cases the broader circumscriptions are retained; these include Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceace and Xanthorrheaceae (all Asparagales), Passifloraceae (Malpighiales), Primulaceae (Ericales) and several other smaller families. Separate papers in this same volume deal with a new linear order for APG, subfamilial names that can be used for more accurate communication in Amaryllidaceae s.l., Asparagaceace s.l. and Xanthorrheaceae s.l. (all Asparagales) and a formal supraordinal classification for the flowering plants.

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Metadata

Authors
THE ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP
Venue
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
Published
2009-10
Volume
161
Issue
2
Pages
105-121
ISSN
  • 0024-4074 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-8339
OpenAlex
W4245471709
Cited by
4,854
References
27
FWCI
309.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
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THE ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP. (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x

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