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Theory of Drying
Abstract
This review examines the stages of drying, with the emphasis on the constant rate period (CRP), when the pores are full of liquid. It is during the CRP that most of the shrinkage occurs and the drying stresses rise to a maximum. We examine the forces that produce shrinkage and the mechanisms responsible for transport of liquid. By analyzing the interplay of fluid flow and shrinkage of the solid network, it is possible to calculate the pressure distribution in the liquid in the pores. The tension in the liquid is found to be greatest near the drying surface, resulting in greater compressive stresses on the network in that region. This produces differential shrinkage of the solid, which is the cause of cracking during drying. The probability of fracture is related to the size of the body, the rate of evaporation, and the strength of the network. A variety of strategies for avoiding fracture during drying are discussed.
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Cites
VI. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids
Griffith, A. A. (1921) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character · doi:10.1098/rsta.1921.0006 · Cited by 11,052
The drainage of thin liquid films between solid surfaces
Chan, D. Y. C., & Horn, R. G. (1985) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.449693 · Cited by 762
Cited by
Characteristic lengths affecting evaporative drying of porous media
Lehmann, P., Assouline, S., & Or, D. (2008) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.77.056309 · Cited by 538
Capillarity-driven assembly of two-dimensional cellular carbon nanotube foams
Chakrapani, N., Wei, B., Carrillo, A., Ajayan, P. M., & Kane, R. S. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400734101 · Cited by 295
Wang, S. Y., McCaslin, E., & White, C. E. (2020) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.105979 · Cited by 46
Formulation of carbon black-ionomer dispersions for thin film formation in fuel cells
Hoffmann, E., Zhang, S., Thoma, M., Damm, C., & Peukert, W. (2019) · Particuology · doi:10.1016/j.partic.2018.08.001 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Scherer, G. W.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-14
- ISSN
- 0002-7820 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-2916
- OpenAlex
- W2028496337
- Cited by
- 1,043
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 17.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
