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Effect of isometric exercise and body scanning on cigarette cravings and withdrawal symptoms
Abstract
Aims To examine the acute effects of a guided relaxation routine (body scan) and isometric exercise on desire to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Design Experimental comparison of three conditions. Participants Forty‐eight individuals reporting smoking ≥10 cigarettes daily. Intervention Random assignment to one of three interventions delivered via a 10‐minute audio: isometric exercise (IE,n = 14), body scanning (BS,n = 18) or a reading about natural history (control group,n = 16). Interventions were delivered twice on the same day: in the laboratory, then in their ‘normal’ environment. Measurements Desire to smoke (primary outcome) and withdrawal symptoms were rated at pre‐intervention and up to 30 minutes post‐intervention. Findings Controlling for baseline scores, post‐intervention desire to smoke and withdrawal symptoms were significantly lower for IE and BS groups, compared with the controls, in both environments. There were no significant differences for IE versus BS. For desire to smoke, controlling for baseline values, ratings in the laboratory were significantly lower for IE and BS versus the control up to 30 minutes post‐intervention. In the normal environment, these ratings were significantly lower only up to 5 minutes post‐intervention. Conclusions Brief IE and BS interventions are effective for reducing desire to smoke and withdrawal symptoms in temporarily abstaining smokers. These interventions were found to be more effective in the laboratory than in the smoker's normal environment, but this may be an artefact of there not being a sufficient ‘wash‐out’ period between interventions. These techniques may be beneficial for managing desire to smoke and tobacco withdrawal.
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“Four studies reported similar changes in craving in the PFM strategy and active control conditions (Beadman et al. 2015; Bowen and Marlatt 2009; Ussher et al. 2009; Ussher et al. 2006).”
From Mindfulness, Acceptance and Defusion Strategies in Smokers: A Systematic Review of Laboratory Studies (2018) · cites this paper as Ussher et al. 2009
In the citing paper
“Of the six studies comparing the effects of a PFM strategy to an inactive control (Cropley et al. 2007; Litvin et al. 2012; Ruscio et al. 2016; Ussher et al. 2009; Ussher et al. 2006; Westbrook et al. 2013), three reported a larger within-session reduction in negative affect in the PFM group (Litvin et al. 2012; Ussher et al. 2009; Westbrook et al. 2013).”
From Mindfulness, Acceptance and Defusion Strategies in Smokers: A Systematic Review of Laboratory Studies (2018) · cites this paper as Ussher et al. 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ussher, M., Cropley, M., Playle, S., Mohidin, R., & West, R.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ussher, Michael
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-06-04
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1251-1257
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W2116907898
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G007489/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- isometric exercise, body scanning, guided relaxation, cigarette craving, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, smoking cessation, brief intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Relaxation Therapy, Smoking, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Tobacco Use Disorder, Exercise, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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