Cited by 1,037Remote Sensing in AgricultureClimate variability and modelsPlant Physiology and Cultivation Studies

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Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere

SCHWARTZ, MARK D., AHAS, REIN, AASA, ANTO·2006·Global Change Biology

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01097.x

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Abstract

Recent warming of Northern Hemisphere (NH) land is well documented and typically greater in winter/spring than other seasons. Physical environment responses to warming have been reported, but not details of large‐area temperate growing season impacts, or consequences for ecosystems and agriculture. To date, hemispheric‐scale measurements of biospheric changes have been confined to remote sensing. However, these studies did not provide detailed data needed for many investigations. Here, we show that a suite of modeled and derived measures (produced from daily maximum–minimum temperatures) linking plant development (phenology) with its basic climatic drivers provide a reliable and spatially extensive method for monitoring general impacts of global warming on the start of the growing season. Results are consistent with prior smaller area studies, confirming a nearly universal quicker onset of early spring warmth (spring indices (SI) first leaf date, −1.2 days decade −1 ), late spring warmth (SI first bloom date, −1.0 days decade −1 ; last spring day below 5°C, −1.4 days decade −1 ), and last spring freeze date (−1.5 days decade −1 ) across most temperate NH land regions over the 1955–2002 period. However, dynamics differ among major continental areas with North American first leaf and last freeze date changes displaying a complex spatial relationship. Europe presents a spatial pattern of change, with western continental areas showing last freeze dates getting earlier faster, some central areas having last freeze and first leaf dates progressing at about the same pace, while in portions of Northern and Eastern Europe first leaf dates are getting earlier faster than last freeze dates. Across East Asia last freeze dates are getting earlier faster than first leaf dates.

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Authors: SCHWARTZ, M. D., AHAS, R., & AASA, A.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
University of Tartu (EE)
Corresponding author: SCHWARTZ, MARK D.
ORCID: SCHWARTZ, MARK D.
AHAS, REIN
AASA, ANTO
Venue: Global Change Biology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-01-16
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Pages: 343-351
ISSN: 1354-1013 (ISSN-L)
1365-2486
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01097.x
OpenAlex: W2131062081
Cited by: 1,037
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 30.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Global Change Biology (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
American Heart Association
Eesti Teadusfondi
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Keywords: spring onset, growing season, plant phenology, global warming, Northern Hemisphere, temperate ecosystems, climate change impacts on agriculture, North America, Europe, East Asia

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Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere

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