Induction of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte and antibody responses against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in mice by inoculation of apathogenic H5N1 influenza virus particles inactivated with formalin
Open accessAbstract
Summary: We investigated whether a vaccine derived from an apathogenic reassortant type A H5N1 influenza strain could induce immune responses in vivo that mediated protection from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in mice. After two subcutaneous immunizations with formalin‐inactivated H5N1 whole virus particles (whole particle vaccine), significant killing specific for cells presenting a nucleoprotein peptide from the vaccine strain of the virus was observed. Similar vaccination with viruses treated with ether and formalin, which are commonly used for humans as ether‐split vaccines, induced little or no cytotoxic T‐cell response. Furthermore, whole particle vaccines of the apathogenic H5N1 strain were more effective than ether‐split vaccines at inducing antibody production able to neutralize a highly pathogenic H5N1 strain. Finally, whole particle vaccines of H5N1 protected mice against infection by an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus more effectively than did ether‐split vaccines. These results suggest that formalin‐inactivated virus particles of apathogenic strains are effective for induction of both cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte and antibody responses against highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in vivo, resulting in protection from infection by a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In vivo experiment showed garlic extract has antiviral activity and garlic showed protective activity against influenza viruses by improving the production of neutralizing antibodies when given to mice, based on the presence of ajoene, allicin, allyl methyl thiosulfinate, and methyl allyl thiosulfinate.
“Interestingly, in vivo experiment exhibited the antiviral activity of garlic extract and they reported that garlic showed protective activity against influenza viruses by improving the production of neutralizing antibodies when given to mice and this activity was based on the presence of several phytochemicals namely, ajoene, allicin, allyl methyl thiosulfinate, and methyl allyl thiosulfinate [64]”
From Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [64]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Fiore, A. E., Shay, D. K., Broder, K., Iskander, J. K., Uyeki, T. M., Mootrey, G., Bresee, J. S., & Cox, N. S. (2001) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e548312006-001 · Cited by 5,006 · see citing works
Autophagy-Dependent Viral Recognition by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Lee, H. K., Lund, J. M., Ramanathan, B., Mizushima, N., & Iwasaki, A. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1136880 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in 10 Patients in Vietnam
Hien, T. T., Liem, N. T., Dung, N. T., Luong, S. T., Mai, P. P., Châu, N. V. V., Suu, P. T., Dong, V. C., Mai, L. T. Q., Thi, N. T., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa040419 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
Cross-priming of CD8+ T cells stimulated by virus-induced type I interferon
Bon, A. L., Etchart, N., Rossmann, C., Ashton, M., Hou, S., Gewert, D. R., Borrow, P., & Tough, D. F. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni978 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Stieneke-Gröber, A., Vey, M., Angliker, H., Shaw, E., Thomas, G., Roberts, C. R., Klenk, H., & Garten, W. (1992) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05305.x · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Translating Innate Immunity into Immunological Memory: Implications for Vaccine Development
Pulendran, B., & Ahmed, R. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.019 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Architecture of ribonucleoprotein complexes in influenza A virus particles
Noda, T., Sagara, H., Yen, A., Takada, A., Kida, H., Cheng, R. H., & Kawaoka, Y. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04378 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Self-citationTian, J.-D., Zekzer, D., Hanssen, L., Lu, Y., Olcott, A., & Kaufman, D. (2001) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.2.1081 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Bender, B. S., Croghan, T. W., Zhang, L., & Small, P. A. (1992) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.175.4.1143 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Eichelberger, M. C., Allan, W., Zijlstra, M., Jaenisch, R., & Doherty, P. C. (1991) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.174.4.875 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Influenza and the challenge for immunology
Doherty, P. C., Turner, S. J., Webby, R. J., & Thomas, P. G. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1343 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Compromised Influenza Virus-Specific CD8 + -T-Cell Memory in CD4 + -T-Cell-Deficient Mice
Belz, G. T., Wodarz, D., Diaz, G. M., Nowak, M. A., & Doherty, P. C. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.76.23.12388-12393.2002 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Influenza A H5N1 Replication Sites in Humans
Uiprasertkul, M., Puthavathana, P., Sangsiriwut, K., Pooruk, P., Srisook, K., Peiris, M. J. S., Nicholls, J. M., Chokephaibulkit, K., Vanprapar, N., & Auewarakul, P. (2005) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1107.041313 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Kida, H., Brown, L. E., & Webster, R. G. (1982) · Virology · doi:10.1016/0042-6822(82)90375-0 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationProietti, E., Bracci, L., Puzelli, S., Pucchio, T. D., Sestili, P., Vincenzi, E. D., Venditti, M., Capone, I., Seif, I., Maeyer, E. D., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.375 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Qin, H., Sadelain, M., Hitchon, C. A., et al. (1993) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.150.5.2072 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Takada, A., Matsushita, S., Ninomiya, A., Kawaoka, Y., & Kida, H. (2003) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00234-2 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationTurner, S. J., Kedzierska, K., Komodromou, H., Gruta, N. L. L., Dunstone, M. A., Webb, A. I., Webby, R. J., Walden, H., Xie, W., McCluskey, J., et al. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1175 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The Genesis of a Pandemic Influenza Virus
Russell, C. J., & Webster, R. G. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.019 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Seo, S. H., Peiris, M. J. S., & Webster, R. G. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.76.10.4886-4890.2002 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The human cytotoxic T cell response to influenza A vaccination.
McMichael, A. J., Gotch, F., Cullen, P. R., et al. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Ennis, F. A., Cruz, J., Jameson, J., Klein, M. H., Burt, D. S., & Thipphawong, J. (1999) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1999.9765 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Isoda, N., Sakoda, Y., Kishida, N., et al. (2006) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-005-0723-6 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationAvirulent Avian Influenza Virus as a Vaccine Strain against a Potential Human Pandemic
Takada, A., Kuboki, N., Okazaki, K., et al. (1999) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.73.10.8303-8307.1999 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Induction of CD4 + T-Cell-Independent Immunoglobulin Responses by Inactivated Influenza Virus
Sha, Z., & Compans, R. W. (2000) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.74.11.4999-5005.2000 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Bridges, C. B., Winquist, A. G., Fukuda, K., Cox, N. J., Singleton, J. A., & Strikas, R. A. (2000) · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Nelson, D. J., Bundell, C. S., & Robinson, B. W. S. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6123 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ito, D., Ogasawara, K., Iwabuchi, K., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.3.1230 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationUlaeto, D., Lacy, P. E., Kipnis, D. M., et al. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3927 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cellular immune responses of mice to influenza virus vaccines.
Reiss, C. S., & Schulman, J. L. (1980) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.125.5.2182 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Evaluation of Live and Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccines in a Mouse Model
Armerding, D., Rossiter, H., Ghazzouli, I., et al. (1982) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/145.3.320 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A strategy for making synthetic peptide vaccines.
Ogasawara, K., Naruse, H., Itoh, Y., et al. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.19.8995 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationStructure of influenza virus panhandle RNA studied by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling
Cheong, H. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/27.5.1392 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Comparison of in vitro immunostimulatory potential of live and inactivated influenza viruses
Blazevic, V., Trubey, C. M., & Shearer, G. M. (2000) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00170-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kida, H., & Sakoda, Y. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationCho, Y., Basta, S., Chen, W., et al. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.8.4679-4684.2003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mbawuike, I. N., & Wyde, P. R. (1993) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/0264-410x(93)90044-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Nakamura, I., Kajino, K., Bamba, H., Ito, F., Takikita, M., & Ogasawara, K. (2004) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03508.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationKojima, H., Kanno, Y., Hase, H., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.10.5959 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review
El-Saber Batiha, G., Magdy Beshbishy, A., G. Wasef, L., Elewa, Y. H. A., A. Al-Sagan, A., Abd El-Hack, M. E., Taha, A. E., M. Abd-Elhakim, Y., & Prasad Devkota, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030872 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sawai, T., Itoh, Y., Ozaki, H., Isoda, N., Okamoto, K., Kashima, Y., Kawaoka, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Kida, H., & Ogasawara, K.
- Affiliations
- Shiga University of Medical Science (JP)
- Hokkaido University (JP)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Itoh, Yasushi
- Venue
- Immunology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-01-16
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 155-165
- ISSN
- 0019-2805 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2567
- PMC
- PMC2566620
- OpenAlex
- W2061277189
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Keywords
- H5N1 influenza virus, avian influenza vaccine, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, antibody response, cross-protective immunity, neutralizing antibodies
- MeSH terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic, Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Antibody Specificity, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Formaldehyde, Freund's Adjuvant, Immunoglobulin G, Influenza Vaccines, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, Virus Replication, Vaccines, Inactivated, Interferon-alpha, Mice, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
