The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 60 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Grounded theory: a methodological spiral from positivism to postmodernism
Open accessAbstract
AIM: Our aim in this paper is to explain a methodological/methods package devised to incorporate situational and social world mapping with frame analysis, based on a grounded theory study of Australian rural nurses' experiences of mentoring. BACKGROUND: Situational analysis, as conceived by Adele Clarke, shifts the research methodology of grounded theory from being located within a postpositivist paradigm to a postmodern paradigm. Clarke uses three types of maps during this process: situational, social world and positional, in combination with discourse analysis. METHOD: During our grounded theory study, the process of concurrent interview data generation and analysis incorporated situational and social world mapping techniques. An outcome of this was our increased awareness of how outside actors influenced participants in their constructions of mentoring. In our attempts to use Clarke's methodological package, however, it became apparent that our constructivist beliefs about human agency could not be reconciled with the postmodern project of discourse analysis. We then turned to the literature on symbolic interactionism and adopted frame analysis as a method to examine the literature on rural nursing and mentoring as secondary form of data. FINDINGS: While we found situational and social world mapping very useful, we were less successful in using positional maps. In retrospect, we would argue that collective action framing provides an alternative to analysing such positions in the literature. This is particularly so for researchers who locate themselves within a constructivist paradigm, and who are therefore unwilling to reject the notion of human agency and the ability of individuals to shape their world in some way. CONCLUSION: Our example of using this package of situational and social worlds mapping with frame analysis is intended to assist other researchers to locate participants more transparently in the social worlds that they negotiate in their everyday practice.
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42 Sources not found · 15 No full text of the sources · 15 Own interpretation · 10 No basis given · 5 Own result · 3 Not checked yet · 3 Own method
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“While we found situational and social world mapping very useful, we were less successful in using positional maps.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Abstract
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“Participants in this study individually framed their constructions of mentoring telling stories about these during interview.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
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In the paper
“Second, reconceptualising the existing data led us to understand that discourse about the problem of workforce was influencing how participants constructed mentoring.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
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In the paper
“This meant the development of new codes to reflect the wider concerns that became evident through such a reconceptualization, rereading and reanalysis of the initial interview texts.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
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In the paper
“Using the processes of collective action framing we were able to describe and examine the social world of Australian rural nursing through analyzing the texts produced by the collective groups/actors regarding the problem of workforce and the potential of mentoring to provide a solution (Mills et al. 2006c).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mills et al. 2006c
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In the paper
“Charmaz began by engaging with what she sees as a postmodern critique of traditional grounded theory by making a case for a form of constructivist grounded theory that is situated somewhere between positivism and postmodernism.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Charmaz 1995a
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“Strauss' history as a relativist, pragmatist and symbolic interactionist shaped his agenda for evolving grounded theory, as a methodology and as a method, in particular with the development of the conditional matrix as a way of situating action at the centre of his analyses.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
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“Charmaz was the first researcher to explicitly name her work constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz 2006, Charmaz 2005, Charmaz 2000, Charmaz 1995b, Charmaz 1995a, Charmaz 1994), while resituating the researcher in relation to participants and rethinking the role of the researcher as author.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Charmaz 2006
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- Not matchedcites Charmaz 2005
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- Not matchedcites Charmaz 2000
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In the paper
“They have an unswerving faith in the notion of a truth waiting to be uncovered.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lincoln and Guba 2005
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In the paper
“Each one of which works to construct and reconstruct the data generated with participants, as opposed to uncovering an emergent truth in traditional grounded theory (Mills et al. 2006b).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mills et al. 2006b
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In the paper
“Due to the focused area of interest in this study, theoretical saturation was achieved after a total of nine interviews had been conducted and analysed, together with the collective frame analysis of the rural nursing and mentoring literature as a secondary source of data.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Data Analysis
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In the paper
“Soon after the 1967 publication of the seminal text Discovery of Grounded Theory, Glaser and Strauss' paths diverged, with Strauss pursuing forms of grounded theory that corresponded with his central concern that action is at the heart of both process and structure (Corbin 1991).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Corbin 1991
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In the paper
“In 2000 the Australian government released a key report entitled Rethinking Nursing (National Nursing Workforce Forum 2000).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Data Collection
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites National Nursing Workforce Forum 2000
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In the paper
“In our attempts to use Clarke's methodological package, however, it became apparent that our constructivist beliefs about human agency could not be reconciled with the postmodern project of discourse analysis.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Abstract
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- Rests on an assumption: Humans have agency to construct and reconstruct their own realities while influenced by discourse and context.
In the paper
“Grounded theory can be conceptualized as a series of variants reflecting a multiplicity of ontological and epistemological underpinnings.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mills et al. 2006b
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Situational and social worlds maps are useful techniques for ordering the codes and categories constructed during the collection and constant comparison of data.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
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In the paper
“This positions Charmaz's form of constructivist grounded theory much closer ontologically and epistemologically to postmodernism than postpositivism.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
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In the paper
“Crafting a grounded theory methodology that is explicitly underpinned by a postmodern epistemology and ontology, Clarke built on the work of Strauss that spoke to the sociological theory of social worlds and arenas (Strauss 1993).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke 2005 source
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In the paper
“Adele Clarke's work Situational Analysis: Grounded Theory after the Postmodern Turn uses constructivist grounded theory as a launching pad for a Foucauldian discourse analysis of power.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Demonstrating a commitment to an agentic actor or participant in this constructivist grounded theory study meant that we were unable to use discourse analysis, as it is argued for by Clarke, to move along the methodological spiral from modernism to postmodernism.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
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In the paper
“Constructivist grounded theory studies are reflexive in design, repositioning the researcher from being a distant expert (Charmaz 2000) to being a co-constructor of meaning with participants in the generation of data.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Charmaz 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However our constructivist approach to grounded theory, underpinned by a commitment to human agency eventually excluded the use of such an approach (Traynor 2006).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Traynor 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Crafting a grounded theory methodology that is explicitly underpinned by a postmodern epistemology and ontology, Clarke built on the work of Strauss that spoke to the sociological theory of social worlds and arenas (Strauss 1993).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Diagrams are radically transformed, however, into maps that are the basis for higher-level analysis.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This form of grounded theory continues to rely on the accepted tenets of theoretical sensitivity, theoretical sampling, constant comparative methods, coding, memoing and diagramming (Clarke 2005).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke 2005 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Strauss uses social worlds and arenas to organize a conceptualization of society that moves away from social structures as entities such as the state, organizations, social classes and families.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > SOCIAL WORLD MAPPING
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In the paper
“Clarke's method of situational analysis challenges us as grounded theorists to locate participants in their social world -a world that is full of actors other than themselves.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONCLUSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Clarke
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While we found situational and social world mapping very useful, we were less successful in using positional maps.”
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
“We believe that the situational and social worlds mapping techniques described by Clarke are very useful in conceptualizing the ways in which grounded theory codes can fit together.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An outcome of this was our increased awareness of how outside actors influenced participants in their constructions of mentoring.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“While we found situational and social world mapping very useful, we were less successful in using positional maps which are a 'simplification strateg [y] for plotting positions articulated and not articulated in discourses' (Clarke 2005 p.86).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke 2005 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Early in the data generation and analysis phase of our study we began experimenting with situationally mapping the 120 codes that had been generated from the first four interviews.”
- Also stated in: § Our experience of using situational analysis · plain
“First, it inspired a useful reconceptualisation of how this mass of codes could fit together (as well as staving off the analytical paralysis that was threatening) (Clarke 2005).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Our experience of using situational analysis · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On an impulse we also very successfully shared an early version of the situational map with some participants during a second interview.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This facilitated a new way of visualizing the researcher's current reconstructions of the interview data for participants, while continuing the cycle of co construction during interview followed by researcher reconstruction during analysis.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Combining situational mapping and social worlds mapping with collective action framing allowed us to do this, while generating valuable richly detailed contextual data.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This raised our theoretical sensitivity and ability to think at a more abstract level while developing a theory about the experience of mentoring for Australian rural nurses.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with accepted grounded theory methods, concurrent data generation and analysis, and the constant comparison of data-to-data, data-to-categories and category-to-category occurred.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Data Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“'The form of grounded theory followed depends on a clarification of the nature of the relationship between researcher and participant, and on an explication of the field of what can be known' (Mills et al. 2006b).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mills et al. 2006b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Theoretical sampling began after four interviews had been conducted.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Data Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Situational analysis, as conceived by Adele Clarke, is designed to move the research methodology of grounded theory away from its traditional postpositivist roots and around the postmodern turn.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Clarke
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In retrospect we would now argue that collective action framing provides an alternative to analyzing such positions in the literature.”
- Also stated in: § Our experience of using situational analysis · hedged
“In retrospect we would now argue that collective action framing provides an alternative to analyzing such positions in the literature.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Abstract
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Our experience of using situational analysis · hedged
In the paper
“Constructivist grounded theory reflects the basic beliefs of constructivism as a paradigm of inquiry.Ontologically relativist, epistemologically transactional, methodologically dialectical, the researcher is a '”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lincoln and Guba 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Key to Strauss moving grounded theory around another methodological turn was his assumption that there is no one truth but that 'the external world is a symbolic representation, a”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Clarke uses three types of maps during this process: situational, social world and positional, in combination with discourse analysis.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Clarke
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“We believe that constructivist grounded theory has its roots in the work of Anselm Strauss and has evolved through his work with Juliet Corbin, exemplified by their use of techniques to enhance theoretical sensitivity, the treatment of the literature as additional source of data, axial coding, the conditional/consequential matrix, complex diagramming and the use of a storyline to identify the core”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mills et al. 2006b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Traditional grounded theory is positivistic/post positivistic in intent (Lincoln and Guba 2005 p.193-196), with researchers believing that theory will emerge from the data that they collect.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lincoln and Guba 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is particularly so for researchers who locate themselves within a constructivist paradigm, and who are therefore unwilling to reject the notion of human agency and the ability for individuals to shape their world in some way.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Humans have agency to construct and reconstruct their own realities while influenced by discourse and context.
In the paper
“Conditional matrixes trace, through the researcher's reconstructions, the conditional paths that shape the action apparent in the data being analyzed (Strauss and Corbin 1990).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss and Corbin 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Foucauldian scholars understand individuals to be constructed of and through discourse.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Scheurich and McKenzie 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is at this point that Clarke pushes grounded theory around the postmodern turn and away from a constructivist paradigm of inquiry.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This method to incorporate the literature as a secondary source of data during the concurrent data generation and analysis phase of a grounded theory study is one way to account for the influence of context.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Individuals/participants' framing of the phenomena of interest can be teased out to clearly locate their constructions in the social world in which they form their own realities.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Drawing upon the work of Jaworski and Coupland (1999), Clarke discusses three approaches in the design of a situational analysis study, while primarily using the third option in her own work.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Jaworski and Coupland 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Finding points of articulation between Strauss and Foucault -discourses/discipline and social worlds/arenas; the field of practice(s) and negotiated/processual ordering; and the gaze and perspective - Clarke (2005) argues for an approach to data analysis that reflects a concern with 'how discourses are produced and how we are constituted through them'.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke 2005 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“This fits well with Strauss' conceptualization that social worlds are contested arenas where negotiation and realignment take place as a matter of course in the quest for collective agreement and action.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Researchers reconstruct data into a theory that they themselves must own, while simultaneously grounding it through the use of active codes (Charmaz 2006) reflective of participants' words.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Charmaz 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Clarke encourages grounded theorists to view her work as 'analytic tools that can be used on their own with discourse data and/or along with and complementing other theoretic and analytic approaches' (Clarke, 2005, p. 146).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke, 2005 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When undertaking each of these core tasks, frame analysis allows for a deeper examination of the influential discourses and negotiations within social worlds through the dual processes of articulation and amplification.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Each of these forms of contestation reshapes and reforms the collective action frame in an ongoing cycle of reflection and renegotiation.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Benford and Snow
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This turn to the postmodern relies upon discourse analysis as a research methodology that examines how texts work to influence socio cultural practice (Crowe 2005).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Crowe 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather we were left searching for an analytic method or heuristic that recognized an individual's ability to shape their world.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In her reworking of the analytical processes of an evolving grounded theory, Clarke moves beyond drawing solely upon the work of Strauss as underpinned by symbolic interactionism.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Constructivist scholars differ on this notion of agency 'tak[ing] their primary field of interest to be precisely that subjective and intersubjective social knowledge and the active construction and cocreation of such knowledge by human agents that is produced by human consciousness' (Lincoln and Guba 2005 p.203).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lincoln and Guba 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Frames provide a way in which individuals' (who are members of particular social worlds) perceptions of issues are aligned in order to promote action and change.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Collective action framing 'makes sense of events in ways that highlight a collective set of values, beliefs, and goals for some sort of change' (Martin, 2003, p. 733), and has been widely applied in the social sciences, particularly by symbolic interactionists.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In saying this, Strauss postulates social worlds as the interactions between individual actors and collective groups of actors (often represented by individuals) and how these can be understood in relation to their ability to negotiate, contest and align positions on issues of importance.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > SOCIAL WORLD MAPPING
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Strauss and Corbin provide some guidance for this eventuality when they argue that the literature can be used as a secondary source of data and include 'descriptive materials concerning events, actions, setting and actors' perspective that can be used as data and analyzed' (Strauss and Corbin 1998 p.58).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss and Corbin 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The majority of researchers draw upon three core conceptual articles produced by David Snow and Robert Benford in the 1980s and early 1990s (Creed, Scully & Austin, 2002).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Creed, Scully & Austin 2002 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Three core tasks make up the process of collective action framing, namely identifying how and when actors diagnose the problem, articulate a prognosis or a proposed solution to the problem, and motivate action or move 'people from the balcony to the barricades' (Benford & Snow, 2000, p. 615).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Benford & Snow 2000 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Symbolic interactionists have developed theories of social worlds since the early Chicago tradition, heavily influenced by the thinking of George Mead (Strauss 1993).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > SOCIAL WORLD MAPPING
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Implicit in meeting this challenge is the development of reciprocity between participants and the researcher and the explication of power imbalances in these relationships (Mills et al. 2006a).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mills et al. 2006a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“In healthcare research, frame analysis is often used to dissect the production of frames by the media about particular public health issues such as smoking and breast cancer (Kolker, 2004;Wakefield, McLeod & Clegg Smith, 2003).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kolker 2004
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Wakefield, McLeod & Clegg Smith 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“He emphasized that in doing this it was not his intent to address 'the structure of social life but the structure of experience individuals have at any moment of their social lives' (Goffman, 1974, p. 13).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goffman 1974
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In a revised introduction to Mirrors and Masks, Strauss argues that 'social structure and interaction are intimately linked, and also reciprocally affect each other (again) over time.This is a temporal view not merely of interaction but of structure itself, the latter shaped by actors through interaction' (Strauss 1958(Strauss /1997 p.7) p.7).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > SOCIAL WORLD MAPPING
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss 1958/1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Frame analysis gained currency as an analytic imperative in symbolic interactionism through Goffman's key work, Frame Analysis (1974), in which he wrote about how individuals (such as the participants in this study) organized their experiences through the identification of schemas or frames of interpretation.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goffman 1974
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Rather, social worlds are the 'principle affiliative mechanisms through which people organize social life.Insofar as it meaningfully exists, society as a whole, then, can be conceptualized as consisting of layered mosaics of social worlds and arenas' (Clarke, 2005, p. 46; emphasis added).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > SOCIAL WORLD MAPPING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Benford and Snow found in their review of collective action framing that each of the core tasks needs to be considered through a lens that shows framing to be a contested process.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Benford and Snow
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Frame analysis gained currency as an analytic imperative in symbolic interactionism through Goffman's key work, Frame Analysis (1974), in which he wrote about how individuals (such as the participants in this study) organized their experiences through the identification of schemas or frames of interpretation.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goffman 1974
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Situational analysis provides us with the tools to be able to 'draw together studies of discourse and agency, action and structure, image, text and context, history and the present moment -to analyze complex situations of inquiry broadly conceived' (Clarke 2005 p.xxii).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clarke 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“This perspective of negotiated order stresses that 'one of the principle ways that things get accomplished … is through people negotiating with one another, and it takes the theoretical position that both individual action and organisational constraint can be comprehended by understanding the nature and context of those negotiations' (Maines & Charleton, cited in Strauss, 1993, p. 249).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > SOCIAL WORLD MAPPING
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Maines & Charleton, cited in Strauss, 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Arenas are defined as the 'interaction by social worlds around issues -where actions concerning those are being debated, fought out, negotiated, manipulated, and even coerced within and among the social worlds' (Strauss, 1993, p. 226).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > SOCIAL WORLD MAPPING
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Benford and Snow identified four main strategic alignment processes in the collective framing literature.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Benford & Snow 2000 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The third option is concerned with producing power/knowledge, ideologies and control through discourse, and as such lends itself to a Foucauldian approach to the analysis of such discourses.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > GROUNDED THEORY USING SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“One Australian study by Lloyd and Hawe (2003) uses Entman's analytical heuristic to identify how a variety of health professionals, including nurses, frame the problem of post-natal depression.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lloyd and Hawe 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Collective action framing 'makes sense of events in ways that highlight a collective set of values, beliefs, and goals for some sort of change' (Martin, 2003, p. 733), and has been widely applied in the social sciences, particularly by symbolic interactionists.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Martin 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Influential in such realignments are the discourses that are present in their lives.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Anselm Strauss and Barney Glaser (1967) conceptualized the original form of grounded theory, a form we call traditional grounded theory, which anchors our metaphor of a methodological spiral.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss and Glaser 1967
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Benford and Snow have since performed a retrospective assessment of the dissemination of work that has been produced under the label of collective action framing.At the same time they have been able to clarify and reiterate the original core framing tasks and how these are developed, generated, elaborated and finally diffused (Benford & Snow, 2000).”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Benford & Snow 2000 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As constructivists we were methodologically less concerned with how the texts that constituted discourse about the problem of workforce were shaped.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > Our experience of using situational analysis
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Strauss 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Contestations in collective action framing generally take the form of counter-framing, disputes within movements, and, for movements that demonstrate public shows of alignment, differences between collective action frames and collective action events.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > FRAME ANALYSIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Benford and Snow
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Situational analysis has provided a breakthrough for constructivist grounded theorists by providing tools for the researcher to use in visually opening up the field of inquiry -illustrating participants' social worlds and their arenas of negotiation.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONCLUSION
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Constructivist grounded theory explicitly addresses such concerns through its reformulation of research relationships and its emphasis on making the researcher visible and their theory about the area of interest redolent of the participants words.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For constructivist grounded theorists, how the discourses produced by others influence participants' constructions of reality is an important question to be addressed.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Constructivist grounded theory explicitly addresses such concerns through its reformulation of research relationships and its emphasis on making the researcher visible and their theory about the area of interest redolent of the participants words.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following on from this frame analysis -in particular collective action framing -is a useful analytical heuristic to use in conjunction with situational and social world maps.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Constructivist grounded theory explicitly addresses such concerns through its reformulation of research relationships and its emphasis on making the researcher visible and their theory about the area of interest redolent of the participants words.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To do otherwise would result in a theory that did not sufficiently account for context and so would be sadly incomplete.”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONCLUSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Constructivist grounded theory explicitly addresses such concerns through its reformulation of research relationships and its emphasis on making the researcher visible and their theory about the area of interest redolent of the participants words.
The paper relies on this without support.
Humans have agency to construct and reconstruct their own realities while influenced by discourse and context.
“where humans are recognised as having agency to construct and reconstruct their own realities while influenced by discourse and context.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Prior to the publication of Rethinking Nursing in 2000, the federal government in Australia had abrogated responsibility for nursing to individual state governments.
“Prior to the publication of this document, the federal government in Australia had abrogated responsibility for nursing to individual state governments.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Nurses have not commonly reported using frame analysis as a research method.
“Nurses, however, have not commonly reported using frame analysis as a research method.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Researchers are increasingly conscious of considering their ontological and epistemological beliefs prior to both formulating their questions and choosing a methodology.
“Researchers are increasingly conscious of considering their ontological and epistemological beliefs prior to both formulating their questions and choosing a methodology.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Grounded theory has been a popular choice for nurses because it seeks to discover issues of importance in participants' lives, but in its traditional postpositivist form it has become harder to reconcile for nurses who value reciprocal relationships between themselves and their participants.
“Grounded theory has been a popular choice for nurses because it seeks to discover issues of importance in participants' lives, but in its traditional postpositivist form it has become harder to reconcile for nurses who value reciprocal relationships between themselves and their participants.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Constructivist grounded theory explicitly addresses such concerns through its reformulation of research relationships and its emphasis on making the researcher visible and their theory about the area of interest redolent of the participants words.
“Constructivist grounded theory explicitly addresses such concerns through its reformulation of research relationships and its emphasis on making the researcher visible and their theory about the area of interest redolent of the participants words.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY
“(Corbin and Strauss 1993 p. 65)”
§ Grounded Theory: A methodological spiral between modernism and postmodernism > References
“13. Corbin, J. and Strauss, A. (1993) The Articulation of Work Through Interaction. The Sociological Quarterly, 34(1), 71-83.”
Citations
Cites
Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques
Long, D. R., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1993) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/328955 · Cited by 17,625
The social construction of reality : a treatise in the sociology of knowledge
Simpson, G., Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091739 · Cited by 16,462
Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008) · SAGE · doi:10.4135/9781452230153 · Cited by 12,136
Constructing Grounded Theory. A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis
Boyle, C., & Barker, A. (2006) · QMiP Bulletin · doi:10.53841/bpsqmip.2006.1.2.36 · Cited by 11,844
The SAGE handbook of qualitative research
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-1330 · Cited by 10,178
Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment
Benford, R. D., & Snow, D. A. (2000) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611 · Cited by 9,953
The Discovery of Grounded Theory
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203793206-1 · Cited by 8,403
Handbook of qualitative research
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-0057 · Cited by 7,081
Handbook of Qualitative Research.
DeVault, M. L., Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1995) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2076551 · Cited by 6,269
Handbook of Qualitative Research
Londoño Fernández, J. L. (1994) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80230-0 · Cited by 5,754
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Charmaz K., 1995, Between positivism and postmodernism: implications for methods, Studies in Symbolic Interaction, 17, 43
- Corbin J., 1991, Social Organisation and Social Process: Essays in Honor of Anselm Strauss, 17
- Goffman E., 1974, Frame Analysis
- Jaworski A., 1999, The Discourse Reader
- National Nursing Workforce Forum, 2000, Rethinking Nursing: National Nursing Workforce Forum, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Constant Comparative Analysis Method Outside of Grounded Theory
Fram, S. M. (2015) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2013.1569 · Cited by 707
Nelson, J. (2017) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794116679873 · Cited by 598
“The use of diagrams has been a regular feature in many grounded theory books and articles (Corbin and Strauss, 2008; Mills et al., 2007), although Adele Clarke has probably exploited their use most fully in her version of grounded theory, situational analysis (Clarke, 2005).”
BackgroundSöderström, S., & Ytterhus, B. (2010) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687591003701215 · Cited by 116
Glaser or Strauss? Considerations for selecting a grounded theory study
Howard-Payne, L. (2016) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246315593071 · Cited by 88
Grounded Theory and Feminist Inquiry: Revitalizing Links to the Past
Plummer, M., & Young, L. E. (2009) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945909351298 · Cited by 95
Metadata
- Authors
- Mills, J., Chapman, Y., Bonner, A., & Francis, K.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- James Cook University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Mills, Jane
- Venue
- Journal of Advanced Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-03-28
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 72-79
- ISSN
- 0309-2402 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2648
- OpenAlex
- W2105732842
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 11.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- eprints.qut.edu.au
- Locations
- Journal of Advanced Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Acquire (CQUniversity) (submittedVersion)
- Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing education and management
- Keywords
- grounded theory, situation analysis, frame analysis, postmodernism, post-positivism, constructivism, human agency, symbolic interactionism, rural nursing, mentoring, collective action framing, discourse analysis
- MeSH terms
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Australia, Humans, Mentors, Nursing Theory, Philosophy, Nursing, Nursing Methodology Research, Rural Health Services, Postmodernism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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