Assessment of iodine-treated filter media for removal and inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage aerosols
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: To investigate the performance of an iodine-releasing filter medium for use as a protective device against airborne pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS: The filter's physical and viable removal efficiencies (VRE) were investigated with challenges of MS2 bacteriophage aerosols, and the infectivity of MS2 collected on the filter was analysed. To test a proposed inactivation mechanism, media containing thiosulfate or bovine serum albumin (BSA) were put in impingers to quench and consume I(2) released from the filter. In direct plating experiments, treated filters presented significantly higher VREs than did untreated filters; however, collection in excess BSA decreased VRE by half and in thiosulfate the apparent VRE decreased drastically. No significant difference in infectivity of retained viruses on treated and untreated filters was observed at the same environmental condition. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence presented herein for competition by dissolved I(2) in infectivity assays supports a mechanism of induced displacement and capture of I(2.) It also requires that dissociation of iodine from the filter and capture of iodine by MS2 aerosols as they pass through the filter be factored in the design of the assessment methodology. The filter's strong retention capability minimizes reaerosolization but also makes it difficult to discriminate the antimicrobial effect at the surface. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shows the direct plating assay method to be sensitive to interference by iodine-releasing materials. This requires reevaluation of earlier reports of VRE measurements.
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Sublimated iodine can be inadvertently captured in the impinger medium and produce a biocidal effect during the sampling period, making it impossible to distinguish whether microorganism kill occurs in the airborne state or in the impinger medium.
“a previous study of bioaerosol filtration by iodine-treated AM-FFRs by Lee et al. (26) reported that sublimated iodine could be inadvertently captured in the impinger medium and produce a biocidal effect during the sampling period, making it impossible to distinguish whether microorganism kill occurs in the airborne state or in the impinger medium.”
From Performance of Conventional and Antimicrobial-Treated Filtering Facepiece Respirators Challenged with Biological Aerosols (2012) · cites this paper as Lee et al. (26)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNo statistical differences in PEN V were observed for the AM-FFR tested with or without the iodine neutralizer.
“Thus, in contrast to Lee et al., (26) no statistical differences in PEN V were observed for the AM-FFR tested with or without the iodine neutralizer in our study.”
From Performance of Conventional and Antimicrobial-Treated Filtering Facepiece Respirators Challenged with Biological Aerosols (2012) · cites this paper as Lee et al. (26)
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Hinds, W.C. (1999) Filtration. In Aerosol Technology. 2nd edn. pp. 182-205. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Opresko, L., Wiley, H.S. and Wallace, R.A. (1980a) Proteins iodinated by the chloramine-T method appear to be degraded at an abnormally rapid rate after endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77, 1556-1560.
- Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A. (2002) Micro- biology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
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Lore, M. B., Sebastian, J. M., Brown, T. L., Viner, A. S., McCullough, N. V., & Hinrichs, S. H. (2012) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2011.640273 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lee, J.-H., Wu, C.-Y., Lee, C. N., Anwar, D., Wysocki, K. M., Lundgren, D. A., Farrah, S., Wander, J., & Heimbuch, B. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Dow Chemical (United States) (US)
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, C.-Y.
- ORCID
- Wu, C.-Y.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Microbiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1912-1923
- ISSN
- 1364-5072 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2672
- PMC
- PMC7197755
- OpenAlex
- W2097161448
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Florida
- U.S. Air Force
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- bacteriophage MS2, airborne virus inactivation, thiosulfate, bovine serum albumin
- MeSH terms
- Aerosols, Air Microbiology, Filtration, Iodine, Respiratory Protective Devices, Levivirus
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