The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An ecological perspective on extreme climatic events: a synthetic definition and framework to guide future research
Abstract
Summary: 1. Growing recognition of the importance of climate extremes as drivers of contemporary and future ecological dynamics has led to increasing interest in studying these locally and globally important phenomena. 2. Many ecological studies examining the impacts of what are deemed climate extremes, such as heat waves and severe drought, do not provide a definition of extremity, either from a statistical context based on the long‐term climatic record or from the perspective of the response of the system – are the effects extreme (unusual or profound) in comparison to normal variability? 3. A synthetic definition of an extreme climatic event (ECE) is proposed that includes ‘extremeness’ in both the driver and the response: an ECE is as an episode or occurrence in which a statistically rare or unusual climatic period alters ecosystem structure and/or function well outside the bounds of what is considered typical or normal variability. This definition is accompanied by a mechanistic framework based on the concept that extreme response thresholds associated with significant community change and altered ecosystem function must be crossed in order for an ECE to occur. 4. Synthesis. A definition and mechanistic framework for ECEs is used to identify priorities for future research that will enable ecologists to more fully assess the ecological consequences of climate extremes for ecosystem structure and function today and in a future world where their frequency and intensity are expected to increase.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts
Easterling, D. R., Meehl, G. A., Parmesan, C., Changnon, S. A., Karl, T. R., & Mearns, L. O. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5487.2068 · Cited by 4,867
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Ciais, P., Reichstein, M., Viovy, N., Granier, A., Ogée, J., Allard, V., Aubinet, M., Buchmann, N., Bernhofer, C., Carrara, A., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03972 · Cited by 4,146
The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves
Schär, C., Vidale, P. L., Lüthi, D., Frei, C., Häberli, C., Liniger, M. A., & Appenzeller, C. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02300 · Cited by 2,781
Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought
Breshears, D. D., Cobb, N. S., Rich, P. M., Price, K. P., Allen, C. D., Balice, R. G., Romme, W. H., Kastens, J. H., Floyd, M. L., Belnap, J., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505734102 · Cited by 2,219
Variation Among Biomes in Temporal Dynamics of Aboveground Primary Production
Knapp, A. K., & Smith, M. D. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.481 · Cited by 1,433
Self-citationA new generation of climate change experiments: events, not trends
Jentsch, A., Kreyling, J., & Beierkuhnlein, C. (2007) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[365:angoce]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,164
Rainfall Variability, Carbon Cycling, and Plant Species Diversity in a Mesic Grassland
Knapp, A. K., Fay, P. A., Blair, J. M., Collins, S. L., Smith, M. D., Carlisle, J. D., Harper, C. W., Danner, B. T., Lett, M. S., & McCarron, J. K. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076347 · Cited by 1,152
Self-citationDrought-induced shift of a forest–woodland ecotone: Rapid landscape response to climate variation
Allen, C. D., & Breshears, D. D. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14839 · Cited by 1,088
Compounded Perturbations Yield Ecological Surprises
Paine, R. T., Tegner, M. J., & Johnson, E. A. (1998) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s100219900049 · Cited by 1,063
OVERVIEW OF THE USE OF NATURAL VARIABILITY CONCEPTS IN MANAGING ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Landres, P. B., Morgan, P., & Swanson, F. J. (1999) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1179:ootuon]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,053
Cited by
Allen, C. D., Breshears, D. D., & McDowell, N. G. (2015) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1890/es15-00203.1 · Cited by 2,642
Frank, D., Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Thonicke, K., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D., Smith, P., van der Velde, M., Vicca, S., Babst, F., et al. (2015) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12916 · Cited by 1,037
Impacts of extreme precipitation and seasonal changes in precipitation on plants
Zeppel, M. J. B., Wilks, J. V., & Lewis, J. D. (2014) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-11-3083-2014 · Cited by 386
The spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity
Convey, P., Chown, S. L., Clarke, A., Barnes, D. K. A., Bokhorst, S., Cummings, V., Ducklow, H. W., Frati, F., Green, T. G. A., Gordon, S., et al. (2014) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1890/12-2216.1 · Cited by 386
Climate change, ecosystems and abrupt change: science priorities
Turner, M. G., Calder, W. J., Cumming, G. S., Hughes, T. P., Jentsch, A., LaDeau, S. L., Lenton, T. M., Shuman, B. N., Turetsky, M. R., Ratajczak, Z., et al. (2020) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0105 · Cited by 382
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, M. D.
- Venue
- Journal of Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-04-15
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 656-663
- ISSN
- 0022-0477 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2745
- OpenAlex
- W1601047599
- Cited by
- 768
- References
- 46
- FWCI
- 28.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An ecological perspective on extreme climatic events: a synthetic definition and framework to guide future research. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01798.x
- The paper
- Smith, M. D. (2011). An ecological perspective on extreme climatic events: a synthetic definition and framework to guide future research. Journal of Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01798.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
